2010
Taylor, Claire; Richardson, Alison; Cowley, Sarah
Restoring embodied control following surgical treatment for colorectal cancer: A longitudinal qualitative study Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 946–956, 2010, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Colorectal cancer, Embodiment, Grounded theory, Recovery, Surgery, Survivorship
@article{taylor_restoring_2010,
title = {Restoring embodied control following surgical treatment for colorectal cancer: A longitudinal qualitative study},
author = {Claire Taylor and Alison Richardson and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.12.008},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-08-01},
urldate = {2010-08-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {47},
number = {8},
pages = {946–956},
abstract = {Background
This article presents the findings of a study about recovery following surgery for colorectal cancer. Most patients diagnosed with this cancer are treated with surgery. Few studies have employed a qualitative approach to examine their experiences and perceptions of recovering from this treatment.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to discover the process of recovery for individuals following curative surgery for colorectal cancer.
Design
This qualitative study drew on grounded theory methods and used a prospective longitudinal design.
Settings
Ethical approval was granted by three Local Research Ethics Committees enabling patients to be recruited from three different hospitals in the South of England.
Participants
Purposive sampling was used to identify patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who had had surgery with curative intent.
Methods
Each participant was interviewed up to four times following their surgery: at 6 weeks then at 3, 6 and 12 months. Sixty-two interviews were conducted. Emerging concepts from the analysis defined further data collection. Relevant literature was theoretically sampled and all data analysed using constant comparison. Theoretical saturation was achieved.
Results
Sixteen participants were recruited. Analysis of study data identified four conceptual stages representing the main phases individuals can experience during their recovery. They are: disembodiment, restoring embodiment, reclaiming control and managing embodied control. These occur in a stepwise progression, reflecting the emotional, physical and social processes involved in restoring perceived control over the body. They reflect the difficulty individuals can experience in understanding and self-managing their bodies. There is a desire to regain confidence and certainty over body function but this is threatened by fears about future health.
Conclusions
Achieving a sense of control of one's body, after surgery for colorectal cancer, proves to be a major challenge. Greater
recognition of the consequences of cancer and its treatment upon the body and individualised management is required. Addressing how individuals can regain embodied control during their recovery needs to be integral within post-treatment support.},
keywords = {Colorectal cancer, Embodiment, Grounded theory, Recovery, Surgery, Survivorship},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
This article presents the findings of a study about recovery following surgery for colorectal cancer. Most patients diagnosed with this cancer are treated with surgery. Few studies have employed a qualitative approach to examine their experiences and perceptions of recovering from this treatment.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to discover the process of recovery for individuals following curative surgery for colorectal cancer.
Design
This qualitative study drew on grounded theory methods and used a prospective longitudinal design.
Settings
Ethical approval was granted by three Local Research Ethics Committees enabling patients to be recruited from three different hospitals in the South of England.
Participants
Purposive sampling was used to identify patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who had had surgery with curative intent.
Methods
Each participant was interviewed up to four times following their surgery: at 6 weeks then at 3, 6 and 12 months. Sixty-two interviews were conducted. Emerging concepts from the analysis defined further data collection. Relevant literature was theoretically sampled and all data analysed using constant comparison. Theoretical saturation was achieved.
Results
Sixteen participants were recruited. Analysis of study data identified four conceptual stages representing the main phases individuals can experience during their recovery. They are: disembodiment, restoring embodiment, reclaiming control and managing embodied control. These occur in a stepwise progression, reflecting the emotional, physical and social processes involved in restoring perceived control over the body. They reflect the difficulty individuals can experience in understanding and self-managing their bodies. There is a desire to regain confidence and certainty over body function but this is threatened by fears about future health.
Conclusions
Achieving a sense of control of one's body, after surgery for colorectal cancer, proves to be a major challenge. Greater
recognition of the consequences of cancer and its treatment upon the body and individualised management is required. Addressing how individuals can regain embodied control during their recovery needs to be integral within post-treatment support.
This article presents the findings of a study about recovery following surgery for colorectal cancer. Most patients diagnosed with this cancer are treated with surgery. Few studies have employed a qualitative approach to examine their experiences and perceptions of recovering from this treatment.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to discover the process of recovery for individuals following curative surgery for colorectal cancer.
Design
This qualitative study drew on grounded theory methods and used a prospective longitudinal design.
Settings
Ethical approval was granted by three Local Research Ethics Committees enabling patients to be recruited from three different hospitals in the South of England.
Participants
Purposive sampling was used to identify patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who had had surgery with curative intent.
Methods
Each participant was interviewed up to four times following their surgery: at 6 weeks then at 3, 6 and 12 months. Sixty-two interviews were conducted. Emerging concepts from the analysis defined further data collection. Relevant literature was theoretically sampled and all data analysed using constant comparison. Theoretical saturation was achieved.
Results
Sixteen participants were recruited. Analysis of study data identified four conceptual stages representing the main phases individuals can experience during their recovery. They are: disembodiment, restoring embodiment, reclaiming control and managing embodied control. These occur in a stepwise progression, reflecting the emotional, physical and social processes involved in restoring perceived control over the body. They reflect the difficulty individuals can experience in understanding and self-managing their bodies. There is a desire to regain confidence and certainty over body function but this is threatened by fears about future health.
Conclusions
Achieving a sense of control of one's body, after surgery for colorectal cancer, proves to be a major challenge. Greater
recognition of the consequences of cancer and its treatment upon the body and individualised management is required. Addressing how individuals can regain embodied control during their recovery needs to be integral within post-treatment support.
Cowley, Sarah
In: Community Practitioner, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 30–32, 2010, ISSN: 14622815, (Publisher: Ten Alps Publishing).
BibTeX | Tags:
@article{cowley_say_2010,
title = {Say 'health visiting': Unite is campaigning for health visiting's return to statute for proper professional regulation and clarity over titles, standards and conduct},
author = {Sarah Cowley},
issn = {14622815},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
urldate = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner},
volume = {83},
number = {1},
pages = {30–32},
note = {Publisher: Ten Alps Publishing},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cowley, Sarah A.
The role of Action for Children Children’s Centres in the local service system for children and their families Technical Report
2010.
@techreport{cowley_role_2010,
title = {The role of Action for Children Children’s Centres in the local service system for children and their families},
author = {Sarah A. Cowley},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
urldate = {2010-01-01},
abstract = {The project described in this interim report has been commissioned by Action for Children to address the need for timely feedback on the existing work of its Children’s Centres; and, as importantly, on their unique ability to meet the challenges outlined. The study design takes account of the specific goals set out by Action for Children, which it refers to as the five pillars, described fully in Action for Children’s strategic plan},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The project described in this interim report has been commissioned by Action for Children to address the need for timely feedback on the existing work of its Children’s Centres; and, as importantly, on their unique ability to meet the challenges outlined. The study design takes account of the specific goals set out by Action for Children, which it refers to as the five pillars, described fully in Action for Children’s strategic plan
Cowley, Professor Sarah
Professional briefing: Public safety and statutory regulation of Health Visitors Technical Report
2010.
@techreport{nokey,
title = {Professional briefing: Public safety and statutory regulation of Health Visitors},
author = {Professor Sarah Cowley },
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
urldate = {2010-01-01},
pages = {40},
publisher = {Unite the Union},
organization = {Unite the Union/Community Practitioners’ and Health Visitors’ Association/},
abstract = {It is the contention of Unite/Community Practitioners’ and Health Visitors’ Association (CPHVA) that public safety has been compromised by changes in the statute governing health visitor regulation, enacted in the Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001. The Nursing & Midwifery Council are asked to explore how the anomalous position of health visiting as a profession, currently existing outside statute, can be regularised.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
It is the contention of Unite/Community Practitioners’ and Health Visitors’ Association (CPHVA) that public safety has been compromised by changes in the statute governing health visitor regulation, enacted in the Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001. The Nursing & Midwifery Council are asked to explore how the anomalous position of health visiting as a profession, currently existing outside statute, can be regularised.
2009
Cowley, Sarah; Rudgley, Denise
Health visiting matters: re-establishing health visiting Technical Report
2009.
@techreport{cowley_health_2009,
title = {Health visiting matters: re-establishing health visiting},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Denise Rudgley},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-11-01},
urldate = {2009-11-01},
abstract = {2012 is not just Olympic year. It marks 150 years after the ‘Salford Ladies’ first employed a health visitor. In 2007 this struck a chord with many as the health visiting service was in major decline. That same year, the Family and Parenting Institute (FPI) published a report on declining health visitor numbers and a report of an independent Review of health visiting was also being formulated (Lowe 2007), which identified some of the barriers to delivering a universal health visiting service.
The UK Public Health Association’s (UKPHA’s) Special Interest Group (SIG) for Health Visiting and Public Health issued a response to this Review and, in honour of those first ‘Salford Ladies’, pushed for the momentum around the issue not to be lost. The UKPHA Health Visiting and Public Health SIG’s response to the health visiting Review identified the need for a specific regeneration project, focusing upon five broad areas of critical importance to ensuring a ‘fit for purpose’ health visiting service for the 21st Century. In October 2007 the UKPHA organised a symposium at Portcullis House which brought together key leaders, opinion formers and practitioners from across the country to begin the process of developing these five areas.
Taking its name from the title of a WHO Report published that same year, “A Powerful Equalizer: Regenerating The Health Visiting Profession”, the Symposium articulated the need for a Steering Group to be set up which would progress thinking and agree a way forward. As a result, a multi-agency Steering Group, coordinated by the UKPHA, developed a proposal seeking funding through a public health workforce development programme at the Department of Health to appoint a co-ordinator to bring working groups together to explore these issues, and agree recommendations about how best to deliver a regenerated health visiting service. A preliminary report was considered at a multiagency workshop, again planned and organised by the UKPHA, in September 2009 and the draft recommendations discussed and refined.
This, the final report was launched at the House of Commons at the end of November 2009 and is also available to download from www.ukpha.org.uk.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
2012 is not just Olympic year. It marks 150 years after the ‘Salford Ladies’ first employed a health visitor. In 2007 this struck a chord with many as the health visiting service was in major decline. That same year, the Family and Parenting Institute (FPI) published a report on declining health visitor numbers and a report of an independent Review of health visiting was also being formulated (Lowe 2007), which identified some of the barriers to delivering a universal health visiting service.
The UK Public Health Association’s (UKPHA’s) Special Interest Group (SIG) for Health Visiting and Public Health issued a response to this Review and, in honour of those first ‘Salford Ladies’, pushed for the momentum around the issue not to be lost. The UKPHA Health Visiting and Public Health SIG’s response to the health visiting Review identified the need for a specific regeneration project, focusing upon five broad areas of critical importance to ensuring a ‘fit for purpose’ health visiting service for the 21st Century. In October 2007 the UKPHA organised a symposium at Portcullis House which brought together key leaders, opinion formers and practitioners from across the country to begin the process of developing these five areas.
Taking its name from the title of a WHO Report published that same year, “A Powerful Equalizer: Regenerating The Health Visiting Profession”, the Symposium articulated the need for a Steering Group to be set up which would progress thinking and agree a way forward. As a result, a multi-agency Steering Group, coordinated by the UKPHA, developed a proposal seeking funding through a public health workforce development programme at the Department of Health to appoint a co-ordinator to bring working groups together to explore these issues, and agree recommendations about how best to deliver a regenerated health visiting service. A preliminary report was considered at a multiagency workshop, again planned and organised by the UKPHA, in September 2009 and the draft recommendations discussed and refined.
This, the final report was launched at the House of Commons at the end of November 2009 and is also available to download from www.ukpha.org.uk.
The UK Public Health Association’s (UKPHA’s) Special Interest Group (SIG) for Health Visiting and Public Health issued a response to this Review and, in honour of those first ‘Salford Ladies’, pushed for the momentum around the issue not to be lost. The UKPHA Health Visiting and Public Health SIG’s response to the health visiting Review identified the need for a specific regeneration project, focusing upon five broad areas of critical importance to ensuring a ‘fit for purpose’ health visiting service for the 21st Century. In October 2007 the UKPHA organised a symposium at Portcullis House which brought together key leaders, opinion formers and practitioners from across the country to begin the process of developing these five areas.
Taking its name from the title of a WHO Report published that same year, “A Powerful Equalizer: Regenerating The Health Visiting Profession”, the Symposium articulated the need for a Steering Group to be set up which would progress thinking and agree a way forward. As a result, a multi-agency Steering Group, coordinated by the UKPHA, developed a proposal seeking funding through a public health workforce development programme at the Department of Health to appoint a co-ordinator to bring working groups together to explore these issues, and agree recommendations about how best to deliver a regenerated health visiting service. A preliminary report was considered at a multiagency workshop, again planned and organised by the UKPHA, in September 2009 and the draft recommendations discussed and refined.
This, the final report was launched at the House of Commons at the end of November 2009 and is also available to download from www.ukpha.org.uk.
Cowley, Sarah; Bidmead, Christine
Controversial questions (part three): is there randomised controlled trial evidence for health visiting? Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner, vol. 82, no. 8, pp. 24–29, 2009, ISSN: 14622815, (Publisher: Ten Alps Publishing).
@article{cowley_controversial_2009-2,
title = {Controversial questions (part three): is there randomised controlled trial evidence for health visiting?},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Christine Bidmead},
issn = {14622815},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-08-01},
urldate = {2009-08-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner},
volume = {82},
number = {8},
pages = {24–29},
abstract = {Questions are often asked by managers, commissioners and policy-makers to find out what is, or should be, happening within health visiting services. This is the final paper in a series of three that draws on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities. Material submitted has been adapted and expanded according to three common, often controversial questions.
This paper considers the relevance and place of randomised controlled trials in relation to health visiting services. Increasingly, commissioners require that services and programmes that they fund to be supported by this form of evidence, and many ask, 'Is there a randomised controlled trial of health visiting?' The immediate answer to this question is 'no', but there is a wealth of evidence relevant to health visiting, much of it from experimental research and systematic reviews. The question itself is not appropriately framed, so three alternative questions are proposed that can help to guide a search for evidence that is relevant to health visiting.},
note = {Publisher: Ten Alps Publishing},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Questions are often asked by managers, commissioners and policy-makers to find out what is, or should be, happening within health visiting services. This is the final paper in a series of three that draws on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities. Material submitted has been adapted and expanded according to three common, often controversial questions.
This paper considers the relevance and place of randomised controlled trials in relation to health visiting services. Increasingly, commissioners require that services and programmes that they fund to be supported by this form of evidence, and many ask, 'Is there a randomised controlled trial of health visiting?' The immediate answer to this question is 'no', but there is a wealth of evidence relevant to health visiting, much of it from experimental research and systematic reviews. The question itself is not appropriately framed, so three alternative questions are proposed that can help to guide a search for evidence that is relevant to health visiting.
This paper considers the relevance and place of randomised controlled trials in relation to health visiting services. Increasingly, commissioners require that services and programmes that they fund to be supported by this form of evidence, and many ask, 'Is there a randomised controlled trial of health visiting?' The immediate answer to this question is 'no', but there is a wealth of evidence relevant to health visiting, much of it from experimental research and systematic reviews. The question itself is not appropriately framed, so three alternative questions are proposed that can help to guide a search for evidence that is relevant to health visiting.
Cowley, Sarah; Bidmead, Christine
Controversial questions (part two): should there be a direct-entry route to health visitor education? Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 82, no. 7, pp. 24–28, 2009, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Baccalaureate, Community Health Nursing, Curriculum, Education, Forecasting, Graduate, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Licensure, Nurse Clinicians, nursing, Personnel Selection, Retirement, School Admission Criteria, Time Factors, United Kingdom, Workforce
@article{cowley_controversial_2009-1,
title = {Controversial questions (part two): should there be a direct-entry route to health visitor education?},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Christine Bidmead},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-07-01},
urldate = {2009-07-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {82},
number = {7},
pages = {24–28},
abstract = {This is the second paper in a series of three, drawing on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities.
Material submitted has been adapted and expanded according to three common and often controversial questions. One member of the committee enquired about the relevance of education and training to recruitment issues in health visiting, asking why it is necessary to be a nurse and what would be the barriers to changing this arrangement, which has been in force since the 1960s.
This paper summarises some of the longstanding discussions about this issue, which has rarely been off the agenda, and proposes that, since health visiting is no longer in statute, the time has come to take a radical approach and to change current arrangements.},
keywords = {Baccalaureate, Community Health Nursing, Curriculum, Education, Forecasting, Graduate, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Licensure, Nurse Clinicians, nursing, Personnel Selection, Retirement, School Admission Criteria, Time Factors, United Kingdom, Workforce},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This is the second paper in a series of three, drawing on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities.
Material submitted has been adapted and expanded according to three common and often controversial questions. One member of the committee enquired about the relevance of education and training to recruitment issues in health visiting, asking why it is necessary to be a nurse and what would be the barriers to changing this arrangement, which has been in force since the 1960s.
This paper summarises some of the longstanding discussions about this issue, which has rarely been off the agenda, and proposes that, since health visiting is no longer in statute, the time has come to take a radical approach and to change current arrangements.
Material submitted has been adapted and expanded according to three common and often controversial questions. One member of the committee enquired about the relevance of education and training to recruitment issues in health visiting, asking why it is necessary to be a nurse and what would be the barriers to changing this arrangement, which has been in force since the 1960s.
This paper summarises some of the longstanding discussions about this issue, which has rarely been off the agenda, and proposes that, since health visiting is no longer in statute, the time has come to take a radical approach and to change current arrangements.
Cowley, Sarah; Bidmead, Christine
Controversial questions (part one): what is the right size for a health visiting caseload? Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 18–22, 2009, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Case Management, Child, Child Welfare, Community Health Nursing, England, Family Nursing, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Infant, needs assessment, Newborn, Preschool, Vulnerable Populations, Workload
@article{cowley_controversial_2009,
title = {Controversial questions (part one): what is the right size for a health visiting caseload?},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Christine Bidmead},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-06-01},
urldate = {2009-06-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {82},
number = {6},
pages = {18–22},
abstract = {Questions asked by managers, commissioners and policy makers to find out what is, or should be, happening within health visiting services can seem immensely helpful in focusing the mind or clarifying key points. Alternatively, they may feel hostile and accusative, if their starting assumptions are alien to the everyday experience of health visitors.
This paper is the first in a short series of three that draw on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities. A formal process of seeking written evidence was followed up with specific questions in oral session, asked by committee members, trying to find out about how health visiting services relate to health inequalities. This line of questioning reflects concerns expressed elsewhere about the variability of health visiting services across the country and the lack of clear alignment to areas of deprivation, leading to calls for an increase in targeted services, instead of universal ones.
This paper explores the notion of 'caseload', the distribution of services according to levels of deprivation and delivery of a universal or targeted health visiting service.},
keywords = {Case Management, Child, Child Welfare, Community Health Nursing, England, Family Nursing, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Infant, needs assessment, Newborn, Preschool, Vulnerable Populations, Workload},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Questions asked by managers, commissioners and policy makers to find out what is, or should be, happening within health visiting services can seem immensely helpful in focusing the mind or clarifying key points. Alternatively, they may feel hostile and accusative, if their starting assumptions are alien to the everyday experience of health visitors.
This paper is the first in a short series of three that draw on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities. A formal process of seeking written evidence was followed up with specific questions in oral session, asked by committee members, trying to find out about how health visiting services relate to health inequalities. This line of questioning reflects concerns expressed elsewhere about the variability of health visiting services across the country and the lack of clear alignment to areas of deprivation, leading to calls for an increase in targeted services, instead of universal ones.
This paper explores the notion of 'caseload', the distribution of services according to levels of deprivation and delivery of a universal or targeted health visiting service.
This paper is the first in a short series of three that draw on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities. A formal process of seeking written evidence was followed up with specific questions in oral session, asked by committee members, trying to find out about how health visiting services relate to health inequalities. This line of questioning reflects concerns expressed elsewhere about the variability of health visiting services across the country and the lack of clear alignment to areas of deprivation, leading to calls for an increase in targeted services, instead of universal ones.
This paper explores the notion of 'caseload', the distribution of services according to levels of deprivation and delivery of a universal or targeted health visiting service.
Cowley, Sarah; Dowling, Sandra; Caan, Woody
Too little for early interventions? Examining the policy-practice gap in English health visiting services and organization Journal Article
In: Primary Health Care Research & Development, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 130–142, 2009, ISSN: 1477-1128, 1463-4236, (Publisher: Cambridge University Press).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: children’s services, early child development, Early interventions, health inequalities, health visiting, Policy-practice gap
@article{cowley_too_2009,
title = {Too little for early interventions? Examining the policy-practice gap in English health visiting services and organization},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Sandra Dowling and Woody Caan},
doi = {10.1017/S146342360900111X},
issn = {1477-1128, 1463-4236},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-04-01},
urldate = {2009-04-01},
journal = {Primary Health Care Research & Development},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {130–142},
abstract = {Aim
This paper explores the variable provision of English health visiting services, despite government emphasis on the need to reduce health inequalities through early interventions and provide support to families with pre-school children.
Background
There is increasing evidence of the importance to later health of early child development; that is from prenatal to eight years of age. In this population group, the strongest evidence for health improvement emphasizes support for families (especially mothers) until the infant is at least two to three years of age. In the last four to five years, English government policy has focused strongly on this important life stage, particularly noting its relevance in reducing health inequalities. Simultaneously, the health visiting workforce, arguably the occupational group most closely associated with this form of work, has reduced by 10%; and there is evidence of extreme variability in the way services are provided across the country.
Methods
Three sources of data were analysed to discover whether the variation in health visiting services relates to need, levels of deprivation or whether other factors are influential in planning provision. The ratio of health visitors to pre-school children was mapped to indices of multiple deprivations across 144 Primary Care Trusts. Survey data were examined for evidence of links, or not, to levels of deprivation and, finally, 30 Children and Young People’s Plans (CYPPs) were analysed to explore strategic planning about the distribution and type of services.
Findings
Health visiting service provision appears unrelated to areas of deprivation; although, the survey data offered some evidence that individual practitioners focused efforts on the most deprived clients on their caseloads, regardless of location. At a strategic level, the CYPPs made little mention of pre-school children or their needs and offered only limited descriptions of preventive health services. Policy recommendations are made about strengthening service provision in this field.},
note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
keywords = {children’s services, early child development, Early interventions, health inequalities, health visiting, Policy-practice gap},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Aim
This paper explores the variable provision of English health visiting services, despite government emphasis on the need to reduce health inequalities through early interventions and provide support to families with pre-school children.
Background
There is increasing evidence of the importance to later health of early child development; that is from prenatal to eight years of age. In this population group, the strongest evidence for health improvement emphasizes support for families (especially mothers) until the infant is at least two to three years of age. In the last four to five years, English government policy has focused strongly on this important life stage, particularly noting its relevance in reducing health inequalities. Simultaneously, the health visiting workforce, arguably the occupational group most closely associated with this form of work, has reduced by 10%; and there is evidence of extreme variability in the way services are provided across the country.
Methods
Three sources of data were analysed to discover whether the variation in health visiting services relates to need, levels of deprivation or whether other factors are influential in planning provision. The ratio of health visitors to pre-school children was mapped to indices of multiple deprivations across 144 Primary Care Trusts. Survey data were examined for evidence of links, or not, to levels of deprivation and, finally, 30 Children and Young People’s Plans (CYPPs) were analysed to explore strategic planning about the distribution and type of services.
Findings
Health visiting service provision appears unrelated to areas of deprivation; although, the survey data offered some evidence that individual practitioners focused efforts on the most deprived clients on their caseloads, regardless of location. At a strategic level, the CYPPs made little mention of pre-school children or their needs and offered only limited descriptions of preventive health services. Policy recommendations are made about strengthening service provision in this field.
This paper explores the variable provision of English health visiting services, despite government emphasis on the need to reduce health inequalities through early interventions and provide support to families with pre-school children.
Background
There is increasing evidence of the importance to later health of early child development; that is from prenatal to eight years of age. In this population group, the strongest evidence for health improvement emphasizes support for families (especially mothers) until the infant is at least two to three years of age. In the last four to five years, English government policy has focused strongly on this important life stage, particularly noting its relevance in reducing health inequalities. Simultaneously, the health visiting workforce, arguably the occupational group most closely associated with this form of work, has reduced by 10%; and there is evidence of extreme variability in the way services are provided across the country.
Methods
Three sources of data were analysed to discover whether the variation in health visiting services relates to need, levels of deprivation or whether other factors are influential in planning provision. The ratio of health visitors to pre-school children was mapped to indices of multiple deprivations across 144 Primary Care Trusts. Survey data were examined for evidence of links, or not, to levels of deprivation and, finally, 30 Children and Young People’s Plans (CYPPs) were analysed to explore strategic planning about the distribution and type of services.
Findings
Health visiting service provision appears unrelated to areas of deprivation; although, the survey data offered some evidence that individual practitioners focused efforts on the most deprived clients on their caseloads, regardless of location. At a strategic level, the CYPPs made little mention of pre-school children or their needs and offered only limited descriptions of preventive health services. Policy recommendations are made about strengthening service provision in this field.
Portillo, Mari Carmen; Corchón, Silvia; López-Dicastillo, Olga; Cowley, Sarah
Evaluation of a nurse-led social rehabilitation programme for neurological patients and carers: An action research study Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 204–219, 2009, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: action research, Advancement of nursing role, Evaluation, Social rehabilitation
@article{portillo_evaluation_2009,
title = {Evaluation of a nurse-led social rehabilitation programme for neurological patients and carers: An action research study},
author = {Mari Carmen Portillo and Silvia Corchón and Olga López-Dicastillo and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.09.012},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-02-01},
urldate = {2009-02-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {204–219},
abstract = {Background
Very few neurological rehabilitation programmes have successfully dealt with patients’ and relatives’ social needs. Furthermore, the nurses’ contribution in those programmes is poor or unclear.
Objectives
To determine the rationale, effectiveness and adequacy of a nurse-led social rehabilitation programme implemented with neurological patients and their carers.
Design
In this action research study Hart and Bond's experimental and professionalizing typologies were applied through Lewinian cycles. A social rehabilitation programme was planned, based on the results of an in-depth baseline assessment of the context and individual needs. The programme focused on increasing the level of acceptance/adaptation of the disease through verbal and written education, easing the discharge planning, and offering social choices based on the social assessment of individual needs and possibilities at home.
Settings
Two neurological wards of a hospital in Spain.
Participants The programme evaluation included 27 nurses, and two groups of patients and relatives (control group=18 patients and 19 relatives, intervention group=17 patients and 16 relatives).
Methods
The two groups of patients and relatives were compared before and after discharge to determine the effectiveness of the programme. Socio-demographic forms, semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and validated scales to measure activities of daily living and social life were used, and data were analysed using content (QSR Nudist Vivo, v.2.0) and statistical (SPSS v. 13.0) analyses.
Results
The new programme resulted in social care being integrated in daily practice and developed knowledge about social rehabilitation. This had a positive impact on nurses’ attitudes. Patients and relatives had more realistic expectations and positive attitudes towards social life, and developed a wider variety of choices for social changes. Better adaptation, and more coping skills and satisfaction were achieved.
Conclusions
This rehabilitation programme was feasible and effective. Patients and relatives benefited from better understanding of the socialisation process, as a result of advancing nurses’ knowledge, experience and role in psychosocial care.},
keywords = {action research, Advancement of nursing role, Evaluation, Social rehabilitation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Very few neurological rehabilitation programmes have successfully dealt with patients’ and relatives’ social needs. Furthermore, the nurses’ contribution in those programmes is poor or unclear.
Objectives
To determine the rationale, effectiveness and adequacy of a nurse-led social rehabilitation programme implemented with neurological patients and their carers.
Design
In this action research study Hart and Bond's experimental and professionalizing typologies were applied through Lewinian cycles. A social rehabilitation programme was planned, based on the results of an in-depth baseline assessment of the context and individual needs. The programme focused on increasing the level of acceptance/adaptation of the disease through verbal and written education, easing the discharge planning, and offering social choices based on the social assessment of individual needs and possibilities at home.
Settings
Two neurological wards of a hospital in Spain.
Participants The programme evaluation included 27 nurses, and two groups of patients and relatives (control group=18 patients and 19 relatives, intervention group=17 patients and 16 relatives).
Methods
The two groups of patients and relatives were compared before and after discharge to determine the effectiveness of the programme. Socio-demographic forms, semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and validated scales to measure activities of daily living and social life were used, and data were analysed using content (QSR Nudist Vivo, v.2.0) and statistical (SPSS v. 13.0) analyses.
Results
The new programme resulted in social care being integrated in daily practice and developed knowledge about social rehabilitation. This had a positive impact on nurses’ attitudes. Patients and relatives had more realistic expectations and positive attitudes towards social life, and developed a wider variety of choices for social changes. Better adaptation, and more coping skills and satisfaction were achieved.
Conclusions
This rehabilitation programme was feasible and effective. Patients and relatives benefited from better understanding of the socialisation process, as a result of advancing nurses’ knowledge, experience and role in psychosocial care.
Very few neurological rehabilitation programmes have successfully dealt with patients’ and relatives’ social needs. Furthermore, the nurses’ contribution in those programmes is poor or unclear.
Objectives
To determine the rationale, effectiveness and adequacy of a nurse-led social rehabilitation programme implemented with neurological patients and their carers.
Design
In this action research study Hart and Bond's experimental and professionalizing typologies were applied through Lewinian cycles. A social rehabilitation programme was planned, based on the results of an in-depth baseline assessment of the context and individual needs. The programme focused on increasing the level of acceptance/adaptation of the disease through verbal and written education, easing the discharge planning, and offering social choices based on the social assessment of individual needs and possibilities at home.
Settings
Two neurological wards of a hospital in Spain.
Participants The programme evaluation included 27 nurses, and two groups of patients and relatives (control group=18 patients and 19 relatives, intervention group=17 patients and 16 relatives).
Methods
The two groups of patients and relatives were compared before and after discharge to determine the effectiveness of the programme. Socio-demographic forms, semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and validated scales to measure activities of daily living and social life were used, and data were analysed using content (QSR Nudist Vivo, v.2.0) and statistical (SPSS v. 13.0) analyses.
Results
The new programme resulted in social care being integrated in daily practice and developed knowledge about social rehabilitation. This had a positive impact on nurses’ attitudes. Patients and relatives had more realistic expectations and positive attitudes towards social life, and developed a wider variety of choices for social changes. Better adaptation, and more coping skills and satisfaction were achieved.
Conclusions
This rehabilitation programme was feasible and effective. Patients and relatives benefited from better understanding of the socialisation process, as a result of advancing nurses’ knowledge, experience and role in psychosocial care.
Bliss, Julie; Cowley, Sarah; While, Alison
Interprofessional working in palliative care in the community: a review of the literature Journal Article
In: Journal of Interprofessional Care, vol. Vol 14, no. 3, pp. 281–290, 2009, ISSN: 1356-1820.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{bliss_julie_interprofessional_2009,
title = {Interprofessional working in palliative care in the community: a review of the literature},
author = {Julie Bliss and Sarah Cowley and Alison While},
doi = {10.1080/jic.14.3.281.290},
issn = {1356-1820},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
urldate = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Interprofessional Care},
volume = {Vol 14},
number = {3},
pages = {281–290},
abstract = {In the United Kingdom (UK) a range of professionals, who are employed within both statutory and non-statutory organisations, provide palliative care in the community. This paper explores how interprofessional working between these practitioners is facilitated, and considers how language and philosophies of care can impact upon the working relationship between professionals. It is suggested that often the difficulties experienced when working with another professional are outside the remit of the individuals involved. When working within large organisations within a legislative framework practitioners must be prepared to acknowledge the strengths of different groups, and to understand how these can be utilised to provide effective and appropriate palliative care.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the United Kingdom (UK) a range of professionals, who are employed within both statutory and non-statutory organisations, provide palliative care in the community. This paper explores how interprofessional working between these practitioners is facilitated, and considers how language and philosophies of care can impact upon the working relationship between professionals. It is suggested that often the difficulties experienced when working with another professional are outside the remit of the individuals involved. When working within large organisations within a legislative framework practitioners must be prepared to acknowledge the strengths of different groups, and to understand how these can be utilised to provide effective and appropriate palliative care.
2008
Appleton, Jane V.; Cowley, Sarah
Health visiting assessment processes under scrutiny: A case study of knowledge use during family health needs assessments Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 682–696, 2008, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Case study, Constructivist inquiry, health visiting, Knowledge, needs assessment, Professional judgement
@article{appleton_health_2008-1,
title = {Health visiting assessment processes under scrutiny: A case study of knowledge use during family health needs assessments},
author = {Jane V. Appleton and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.12.009},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-05-01},
urldate = {2008-05-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {682–696},
abstract = {Background
Accurate assessment of family health need is a core health visiting skill, requiring considerable knowledge and expertise. To date, there has been only limited empirical examination of the types of knowledge and ways of knowing which are likely to influence health visiting practice during family health needs assessments.
Objectives
This paper will present a detailed analysis of health visiting assessment processes and will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs.
Design
An in-depth case study was undertaken to explore health visiting practice across three study sites. The focus of interest was to attempt to understand the factors that may influence a health visitor in making a professional judgement to offer a family extra support.
Settings
The study was conducted in three community Trust case sites in England, UK.
Methods and participants
The study was informed by a constructivist methodology. Data collection took place during 56 observed home visits to families receiving increased health visiting support and intervention. Following the home visits separate in-depth interviews were undertaken with the health visitors and the clients.
Results/Conclusions
This paper will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs. It endeavours to unravel some of the complexity and intricacies of these processes and provide insights into health visitors’ practical ‘know-how’.},
keywords = {Case study, Constructivist inquiry, health visiting, Knowledge, needs assessment, Professional judgement},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Accurate assessment of family health need is a core health visiting skill, requiring considerable knowledge and expertise. To date, there has been only limited empirical examination of the types of knowledge and ways of knowing which are likely to influence health visiting practice during family health needs assessments.
Objectives
This paper will present a detailed analysis of health visiting assessment processes and will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs.
Design
An in-depth case study was undertaken to explore health visiting practice across three study sites. The focus of interest was to attempt to understand the factors that may influence a health visitor in making a professional judgement to offer a family extra support.
Settings
The study was conducted in three community Trust case sites in England, UK.
Methods and participants
The study was informed by a constructivist methodology. Data collection took place during 56 observed home visits to families receiving increased health visiting support and intervention. Following the home visits separate in-depth interviews were undertaken with the health visitors and the clients.
Results/Conclusions
This paper will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs. It endeavours to unravel some of the complexity and intricacies of these processes and provide insights into health visitors’ practical ‘know-how’.
Accurate assessment of family health need is a core health visiting skill, requiring considerable knowledge and expertise. To date, there has been only limited empirical examination of the types of knowledge and ways of knowing which are likely to influence health visiting practice during family health needs assessments.
Objectives
This paper will present a detailed analysis of health visiting assessment processes and will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs.
Design
An in-depth case study was undertaken to explore health visiting practice across three study sites. The focus of interest was to attempt to understand the factors that may influence a health visitor in making a professional judgement to offer a family extra support.
Settings
The study was conducted in three community Trust case sites in England, UK.
Methods and participants
The study was informed by a constructivist methodology. Data collection took place during 56 observed home visits to families receiving increased health visiting support and intervention. Following the home visits separate in-depth interviews were undertaken with the health visitors and the clients.
Results/Conclusions
This paper will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs. It endeavours to unravel some of the complexity and intricacies of these processes and provide insights into health visitors’ practical ‘know-how’.
Appleton, Jane V.; Cowley, Sarah
Health visiting assessment—unpacking critical attributes in health visitor needs assessment practice: A case study Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 232–245, 2008, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment principles, Constructivist enquiry, health visiting, needs assessment, Professional judgement
@article{appleton_health_2008,
title = {Health visiting assessment—unpacking critical attributes in health visitor needs assessment practice: A case study},
author = {Jane V. Appleton and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.08.014},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-02-01},
urldate = {2008-02-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {232–245},
abstract = {Background
Assessment of family health need is a central feature of health visiting practice in which a range of skills, knowledge and judgements are used. These assessments are pivotal in uncovering need, safeguarding children and in determining levels of health intervention to be offered to children and their families by the health visiting service in the UK.
Objectives
The central focus of this paper is to outline the critical attributes of the basic principles that underpin health visiting assessment practice that emerged as part of a case study enquiry.
Design
A case study design informed by a constructivist methodology was used to examine health visitors’ professional judgements and use of formal guidelines in identifying health needs and prioritising families requiring extra health visiting support.
Settings
The main study was conducted in three community Trust case sites in England, UK, with pilot work being undertaken in a fourth site.
Methods and participants
Fifteen health visitors participated in the main study and data were collected during 56 observed home visits to families receiving extra health visiting support. Separate in-depth interviews were conducted with the health visitors, pre- and post-home contacts, while 53 client interviews also took place.
Results/conclusions
The analysis suggests that there are certain fundamental elements associated with the majority of health visitor assessments and these have been termed assessment principles. These characteristics are integral to, and provide the basis upon which health visitors’ assessments are conducted and professional judgement is formed. They reflect the basic principles of health visiting assessment practice, which exist despite the constraints and realities of the practice context and can be differentiated from the activity centred methods of assessment processes.},
keywords = {Assessment principles, Constructivist enquiry, health visiting, needs assessment, Professional judgement},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Assessment of family health need is a central feature of health visiting practice in which a range of skills, knowledge and judgements are used. These assessments are pivotal in uncovering need, safeguarding children and in determining levels of health intervention to be offered to children and their families by the health visiting service in the UK.
Objectives
The central focus of this paper is to outline the critical attributes of the basic principles that underpin health visiting assessment practice that emerged as part of a case study enquiry.
Design
A case study design informed by a constructivist methodology was used to examine health visitors’ professional judgements and use of formal guidelines in identifying health needs and prioritising families requiring extra health visiting support.
Settings
The main study was conducted in three community Trust case sites in England, UK, with pilot work being undertaken in a fourth site.
Methods and participants
Fifteen health visitors participated in the main study and data were collected during 56 observed home visits to families receiving extra health visiting support. Separate in-depth interviews were conducted with the health visitors, pre- and post-home contacts, while 53 client interviews also took place.
Results/conclusions
The analysis suggests that there are certain fundamental elements associated with the majority of health visitor assessments and these have been termed assessment principles. These characteristics are integral to, and provide the basis upon which health visitors’ assessments are conducted and professional judgement is formed. They reflect the basic principles of health visiting assessment practice, which exist despite the constraints and realities of the practice context and can be differentiated from the activity centred methods of assessment processes.
Assessment of family health need is a central feature of health visiting practice in which a range of skills, knowledge and judgements are used. These assessments are pivotal in uncovering need, safeguarding children and in determining levels of health intervention to be offered to children and their families by the health visiting service in the UK.
Objectives
The central focus of this paper is to outline the critical attributes of the basic principles that underpin health visiting assessment practice that emerged as part of a case study enquiry.
Design
A case study design informed by a constructivist methodology was used to examine health visitors’ professional judgements and use of formal guidelines in identifying health needs and prioritising families requiring extra health visiting support.
Settings
The main study was conducted in three community Trust case sites in England, UK, with pilot work being undertaken in a fourth site.
Methods and participants
Fifteen health visitors participated in the main study and data were collected during 56 observed home visits to families receiving extra health visiting support. Separate in-depth interviews were conducted with the health visitors, pre- and post-home contacts, while 53 client interviews also took place.
Results/conclusions
The analysis suggests that there are certain fundamental elements associated with the majority of health visitor assessments and these have been termed assessment principles. These characteristics are integral to, and provide the basis upon which health visitors’ assessments are conducted and professional judgement is formed. They reflect the basic principles of health visiting assessment practice, which exist despite the constraints and realities of the practice context and can be differentiated from the activity centred methods of assessment processes.
Cowley, Sarah
Specialist community public health nursing: new register, new opportunities, new challenges Journal Article
In: Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 107–110, 2008, (Publisher: 日本看護科学学会).
BibTeX | Tags:
@article{cowley_specialist_2008,
title = {Specialist community public health nursing: new register, new opportunities, new challenges},
author = {Sarah Cowley},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
urldate = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {107–110},
note = {Publisher: 日本看護科学学会},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Campling, Natasha; Grocott, Patricia; Cowley, Sarah
Disconnection: the user voice within the wound dressing supply chain Journal Article
In: Journal of Nursing Management, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 204–213, 2008, ISSN: 1365-2834, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2007.00818.x).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: supply chain, users, wound dressings
@article{Campling2008,
title = {Disconnection: the user voice within the wound dressing supply chain},
author = {Natasha Campling and Patricia Grocott and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2834.2007.00818.x},
issn = {1365-2834},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
urldate = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Nursing Management},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {204–213},
abstract = {Aim
This study examined the user voice in England’s National Health Service (NHS) wound dressing supply chain.
Background
The impetus for this work came from involvement in a collaboration between industry and clinicians, entitled Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products. Experiences from that study highlighted the notable absence of research about the impact of the supply chain on the users of dressings.
Method
Interview data are presented following an outline of the grounded theory method used. These data were obtained from key stakeholders (n = 41) within the wound dressing supply chain such as nurses, manufacturers, distributors, professional organizations, government organizations and user groups.
Results
The consequences of supply disconnection revealed haphazard supply, unmet user needs and lack of information transfer between player groups.
Conclusions and implications for nursing management
These consequences explain the lack of user voice in the supply chain and have far-reaching implications for nursing management, through purchasing decisions and nurses’ management of wound care.},
note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2007.00818.x},
keywords = {supply chain, users, wound dressings},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Aim
This study examined the user voice in England’s National Health Service (NHS) wound dressing supply chain.
Background
The impetus for this work came from involvement in a collaboration between industry and clinicians, entitled Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products. Experiences from that study highlighted the notable absence of research about the impact of the supply chain on the users of dressings.
Method
Interview data are presented following an outline of the grounded theory method used. These data were obtained from key stakeholders (n = 41) within the wound dressing supply chain such as nurses, manufacturers, distributors, professional organizations, government organizations and user groups.
Results
The consequences of supply disconnection revealed haphazard supply, unmet user needs and lack of information transfer between player groups.
Conclusions and implications for nursing management
These consequences explain the lack of user voice in the supply chain and have far-reaching implications for nursing management, through purchasing decisions and nurses’ management of wound care.
This study examined the user voice in England’s National Health Service (NHS) wound dressing supply chain.
Background
The impetus for this work came from involvement in a collaboration between industry and clinicians, entitled Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products. Experiences from that study highlighted the notable absence of research about the impact of the supply chain on the users of dressings.
Method
Interview data are presented following an outline of the grounded theory method used. These data were obtained from key stakeholders (n = 41) within the wound dressing supply chain such as nurses, manufacturers, distributors, professional organizations, government organizations and user groups.
Results
The consequences of supply disconnection revealed haphazard supply, unmet user needs and lack of information transfer between player groups.
Conclusions and implications for nursing management
These consequences explain the lack of user voice in the supply chain and have far-reaching implications for nursing management, through purchasing decisions and nurses’ management of wound care.
Cowley, Sarah
Developing and measuring resilience for population health Journal Article
In: African Health Sciences, vol. 8, 2008, ISSN: 1729-0503.
BibTeX | Tags:
@article{cowley_developing_2008,
title = {Developing and measuring resilience for population health},
author = {Sarah Cowley},
issn = {1729-0503},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
urldate = {2008-01-01},
journal = {African Health Sciences},
volume = {8},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2007
Cowley, Sarah (Ed.)
Community Public Health in Policy and Practice, Second Edition: A Sourcebook Book
2nd edition, Bailliere Tindall, Edinburgh ; New York, 2007, ISBN: 978-0-7020-2808-3.
@book{cowley_community_2007,
title = {Community Public Health in Policy and Practice, Second Edition: A Sourcebook},
editor = {Sarah Cowley},
isbn = {978-0-7020-2808-3},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-12-01},
urldate = {2007-12-01},
publisher = {Bailliere Tindall},
address = {Edinburgh ; New York},
edition = {2nd edition},
abstract = {This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States.
Since the first edition of this book was published, there has been considerable change across public health, health visiting and community nursing. The positive emphasis on developing and describing all services in relation to their purpose and client/user group is reflected in this second, emphasizing multi-disciplinarity and service focus rather than individual professions, whilst retaining the essential emphasis on policy and practice. Familiar occupational titles, such as health visitor, community development worker, midwife or nurse are still used within the chapters, recognizing the continued division of labour and major contributions to public health made by specific grass roots occupations.
This second edition has been completely reorganised, expanded and updated to keep up with the rapid progress across the field of community public health.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States.
Since the first edition of this book was published, there has been considerable change across public health, health visiting and community nursing. The positive emphasis on developing and describing all services in relation to their purpose and client/user group is reflected in this second, emphasizing multi-disciplinarity and service focus rather than individual professions, whilst retaining the essential emphasis on policy and practice. Familiar occupational titles, such as health visitor, community development worker, midwife or nurse are still used within the chapters, recognizing the continued division of labour and major contributions to public health made by specific grass roots occupations.
This second edition has been completely reorganised, expanded and updated to keep up with the rapid progress across the field of community public health.
Since the first edition of this book was published, there has been considerable change across public health, health visiting and community nursing. The positive emphasis on developing and describing all services in relation to their purpose and client/user group is reflected in this second, emphasizing multi-disciplinarity and service focus rather than individual professions, whilst retaining the essential emphasis on policy and practice. Familiar occupational titles, such as health visitor, community development worker, midwife or nurse are still used within the chapters, recognizing the continued division of labour and major contributions to public health made by specific grass roots occupations.
This second edition has been completely reorganised, expanded and updated to keep up with the rapid progress across the field of community public health.
Cowley, Sarah
A funding model for health visiting (part 2): impact and implementation Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 80, no. 12, pp. 24–31, 2007, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Child, Child Health Services, Community Health Nursing, Economic, Health Care Rationing, Humans, Infant, Models, needs assessment, Newborn, Organizational Objectives, Preschool, Program Evaluation, United Kingdom
@article{cowley_funding_2007-1,
title = {A funding model for health visiting (part 2): impact and implementation},
author = {Sarah Cowley},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-12-01},
urldate = {2007-12-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {80},
number = {12},
pages = {24–31},
abstract = {This is the second of two papers offering the information required to work out how to fund a health visiting service. The first paper gave the basic requirements, while this one identifies and explains the separate components of the service along with issues of scope and skillmix. In this way, it starts to describe the programmes embedded within a generic health visiting service, which is helpful in terms of what might be expected in terms of impact and outcomes. These are described with reference to the new Public Service Agreement targets and other relevant policy.},
keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child Health Services, Community Health Nursing, Economic, Health Care Rationing, Humans, Infant, Models, needs assessment, Newborn, Organizational Objectives, Preschool, Program Evaluation, United Kingdom},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This is the second of two papers offering the information required to work out how to fund a health visiting service. The first paper gave the basic requirements, while this one identifies and explains the separate components of the service along with issues of scope and skillmix. In this way, it starts to describe the programmes embedded within a generic health visiting service, which is helpful in terms of what might be expected in terms of impact and outcomes. These are described with reference to the new Public Service Agreement targets and other relevant policy.
Cowley, S.; Caan, W.; Dowling, S.; Weir, H.
What do health visitors do? A national survey of activities and service organisation Journal Article
In: Public Health, vol. 121, no. 11, pp. 869–879, 2007, ISSN: 0033-3506.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Child health, Early interventions, Health services, Health visitors, Maternal health
@article{cowley_what_2007,
title = {What do health visitors do? A national survey of activities and service organisation},
author = {S. Cowley and W. Caan and S. Dowling and H. Weir},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2007.03.016},
issn = {0033-3506},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-11-01},
urldate = {2007-11-01},
journal = {Public Health},
volume = {121},
number = {11},
pages = {869–879},
abstract = {Background
Early interventions targeting health inequalities, and changing policies for mothers and pre-school children, have focused attention on existing interventions.
Objectives
To collect baseline data about current roles and activities undertaken by health visitors; and to understand the relationship between existing services and recommended practice shown in research about preventive programmes.
Methods A national postal survey was used to collect data about current roles and activities undertaken by health visitors across the UK (n=1459, 46% response rate).
Results
A description is provided of activities undertaken and the types of needs addressed by health-visiting services. The established health-visiting purpose of using a caseload of infants and pre-school children as a base from which to reach out to a wider community seems to be still in place, with difficulty. The major focus of their work was on primary and secondary prevention, but included provision for identified problems. Two main patterns of service provision were identified; one ‘comprehensive’ and one that was more restricted. The ‘restricted service,’ available in most places, was mainly reactive, with child protection and social factors predominant. Even the ‘comprehensive services’ were far lower in intensity than programmes shown, through research, to improve family wellness. In addition, less than half of respondents thought that it was always feasible to deliver services as planned.
Conclusions
The results question the premise, upon which universal provision rests, that all families receive a service offering proactive health promotion and the timely identification of additional health needs.},
keywords = {Child health, Early interventions, Health services, Health visitors, Maternal health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Early interventions targeting health inequalities, and changing policies for mothers and pre-school children, have focused attention on existing interventions.
Objectives
To collect baseline data about current roles and activities undertaken by health visitors; and to understand the relationship between existing services and recommended practice shown in research about preventive programmes.
Methods A national postal survey was used to collect data about current roles and activities undertaken by health visitors across the UK (n=1459, 46% response rate).
Results
A description is provided of activities undertaken and the types of needs addressed by health-visiting services. The established health-visiting purpose of using a caseload of infants and pre-school children as a base from which to reach out to a wider community seems to be still in place, with difficulty. The major focus of their work was on primary and secondary prevention, but included provision for identified problems. Two main patterns of service provision were identified; one ‘comprehensive’ and one that was more restricted. The ‘restricted service,’ available in most places, was mainly reactive, with child protection and social factors predominant. Even the ‘comprehensive services’ were far lower in intensity than programmes shown, through research, to improve family wellness. In addition, less than half of respondents thought that it was always feasible to deliver services as planned.
Conclusions
The results question the premise, upon which universal provision rests, that all families receive a service offering proactive health promotion and the timely identification of additional health needs.
Early interventions targeting health inequalities, and changing policies for mothers and pre-school children, have focused attention on existing interventions.
Objectives
To collect baseline data about current roles and activities undertaken by health visitors; and to understand the relationship between existing services and recommended practice shown in research about preventive programmes.
Methods A national postal survey was used to collect data about current roles and activities undertaken by health visitors across the UK (n=1459, 46% response rate).
Results
A description is provided of activities undertaken and the types of needs addressed by health-visiting services. The established health-visiting purpose of using a caseload of infants and pre-school children as a base from which to reach out to a wider community seems to be still in place, with difficulty. The major focus of their work was on primary and secondary prevention, but included provision for identified problems. Two main patterns of service provision were identified; one ‘comprehensive’ and one that was more restricted. The ‘restricted service,’ available in most places, was mainly reactive, with child protection and social factors predominant. Even the ‘comprehensive services’ were far lower in intensity than programmes shown, through research, to improve family wellness. In addition, less than half of respondents thought that it was always feasible to deliver services as planned.
Conclusions
The results question the premise, upon which universal provision rests, that all families receive a service offering proactive health promotion and the timely identification of additional health needs.
Cowley, Sarah
A funding model for health visiting: baseline requirements–part 1 Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 80, no. 11, pp. 18–24, 2007, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Child, Child Health Services, Community Health Nursing, Economic, Financing, Government, Humans, Infant, Models, needs assessment, Nurse's Role, nursing, Nursing Evaluation Research, Poverty, Preschool, Primary Prevention, State Medicine, United Kingdom, Universal Health Insurance
@article{cowley_funding_2007,
title = {A funding model for health visiting: baseline requirements–part 1},
author = {Sarah Cowley},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-11-01},
urldate = {2007-11-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {80},
number = {11},
pages = {18–24},
abstract = {A funding model proposed in two papers will outline the health visiting resource, including team skill mix, required to deliver the recommended approach of 'progressive universalism,' taking account of health inequalities, best evidence and impact on outcomes that might be anticipated.
The model has been discussed as far as possible across the professional networks of both the Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association (CPHVA) and United Kingdom Public Health Association (UKPHA), and is a consensus statement agreed by all who have participated.},
keywords = {Child, Child Health Services, Community Health Nursing, Economic, Financing, Government, Humans, Infant, Models, needs assessment, Nurse's Role, nursing, Nursing Evaluation Research, Poverty, Preschool, Primary Prevention, State Medicine, United Kingdom, Universal Health Insurance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A funding model proposed in two papers will outline the health visiting resource, including team skill mix, required to deliver the recommended approach of 'progressive universalism,' taking account of health inequalities, best evidence and impact on outcomes that might be anticipated.
The model has been discussed as far as possible across the professional networks of both the Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association (CPHVA) and United Kingdom Public Health Association (UKPHA), and is a consensus statement agreed by all who have participated.
The model has been discussed as far as possible across the professional networks of both the Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association (CPHVA) and United Kingdom Public Health Association (UKPHA), and is a consensus statement agreed by all who have participated.
Cowley, Sarah A.
A salient visit Journal Article
In: Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da U S P, 2007.
@article{cowley_salient_2007,
title = {A salient visit},
author = {Sarah A. Cowley},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-10-01},
urldate = {2007-10-01},
journal = {Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da U S P},
abstract = {A salient visit},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A salient visit
Coyne, Imelda; Cowley, Sarah
Challenging the philosophy of partnership with parents: A grounded theory study Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 893–904, 2007, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Hospitalised children, Nurses, Parent participation, Partnership
@article{coyne_challenging_2007,
title = {Challenging the philosophy of partnership with parents: A grounded theory study},
author = {Imelda Coyne and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.03.002},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-08-01},
urldate = {2007-08-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {44},
number = {6},
pages = {893–904},
abstract = {Background
Parent participation is viewed as a pivotal concept to the provision of high quality nursing care for children and their families. Since the 1990's, the term ‘partnership with parents’ has increasingly been reported in the literature and adopted as a philosophy of care in most paediatric units in the United Kingdom.
Objectives
To explore children's, parents’, and nurses’ views on participation in care in the healthcare setting.
Design
Using grounded theory, data were collected through in-depth interviews, and participant observation. Sample consisted of eleven children, ten parents and twelve nurses from four paediatric wards in two hospitals in England.
Results
Most nurses assumed that parents would participate in care and viewed their role as facilitators rather than ‘doers’. Nurses reported that the ideology of partnership with parents did not accurately reflect or describe their relationships with parents. Parents could never be partners in care as control of the boundaries of care rested with the nurses. Parents felt compelled to be there and to be responsible for their children's welfare in hospital.
Conclusions
The pendulum of parent participation has swung from excluding parents in the past to making parents feel total responsibility for their child in hospital. It is argued that the current models or theories on parent participation/partnership are inappropriate or inadequate because they do not address important elements of children's, parents’ and nurses’ experiences in hospital.},
keywords = {Hospitalised children, Nurses, Parent participation, Partnership},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Parent participation is viewed as a pivotal concept to the provision of high quality nursing care for children and their families. Since the 1990's, the term ‘partnership with parents’ has increasingly been reported in the literature and adopted as a philosophy of care in most paediatric units in the United Kingdom.
Objectives
To explore children's, parents’, and nurses’ views on participation in care in the healthcare setting.
Design
Using grounded theory, data were collected through in-depth interviews, and participant observation. Sample consisted of eleven children, ten parents and twelve nurses from four paediatric wards in two hospitals in England.
Results
Most nurses assumed that parents would participate in care and viewed their role as facilitators rather than ‘doers’. Nurses reported that the ideology of partnership with parents did not accurately reflect or describe their relationships with parents. Parents could never be partners in care as control of the boundaries of care rested with the nurses. Parents felt compelled to be there and to be responsible for their children's welfare in hospital.
Conclusions
The pendulum of parent participation has swung from excluding parents in the past to making parents feel total responsibility for their child in hospital. It is argued that the current models or theories on parent participation/partnership are inappropriate or inadequate because they do not address important elements of children's, parents’ and nurses’ experiences in hospital.
Parent participation is viewed as a pivotal concept to the provision of high quality nursing care for children and their families. Since the 1990's, the term ‘partnership with parents’ has increasingly been reported in the literature and adopted as a philosophy of care in most paediatric units in the United Kingdom.
Objectives
To explore children's, parents’, and nurses’ views on participation in care in the healthcare setting.
Design
Using grounded theory, data were collected through in-depth interviews, and participant observation. Sample consisted of eleven children, ten parents and twelve nurses from four paediatric wards in two hospitals in England.
Results
Most nurses assumed that parents would participate in care and viewed their role as facilitators rather than ‘doers’. Nurses reported that the ideology of partnership with parents did not accurately reflect or describe their relationships with parents. Parents could never be partners in care as control of the boundaries of care rested with the nurses. Parents felt compelled to be there and to be responsible for their children's welfare in hospital.
Conclusions
The pendulum of parent participation has swung from excluding parents in the past to making parents feel total responsibility for their child in hospital. It is argued that the current models or theories on parent participation/partnership are inappropriate or inadequate because they do not address important elements of children's, parents’ and nurses’ experiences in hospital.
Cowley, Sarah; Grocott, Patricia
Research Design for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Technologies: An Empirical Example and Critical Discussion Journal Article
In: Evaluation, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 285–305, 2007, ISSN: 1356-3890, (Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{cowley_research_2007,
title = {Research Design for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Technologies: An Empirical Example and Critical Discussion},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Patricia Grocott},
doi = {10.1177/1356389007078629},
issn = {1356-3890},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-07-01},
urldate = {2007-07-01},
journal = {Evaluation},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {285–305},
abstract = {This article offers for wider discussion a description of the approach used in a situation where the gold standard of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was not immediately feasible. It explains how the methods and research design of a developmental project known as `WRAP' (Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products) evolved, and discusses their implications for complex wound care evaluations.The project was guided by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for the development and evaluation of RCTs (MRC and Board, 2000).
It is proposed that dressing performance in chronic wound care may best be evaluated by a focus on the first two phases of the framework, theorizing and modelling, to design interventions and measurement tools, before proceeding to the third phase, exploratory trials.When the data generated in such trials are deemed valid and reliable, using specified criteria, alternative forms of evaluation to the randomized controlled trial, such as post-market surveillance studies, can follow.
It is also proposed that these adaptations of the MRC framework may apply to complex evaluations more generally.},
note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article offers for wider discussion a description of the approach used in a situation where the gold standard of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was not immediately feasible. It explains how the methods and research design of a developmental project known as `WRAP' (Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products) evolved, and discusses their implications for complex wound care evaluations.The project was guided by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for the development and evaluation of RCTs (MRC and Board, 2000).
It is proposed that dressing performance in chronic wound care may best be evaluated by a focus on the first two phases of the framework, theorizing and modelling, to design interventions and measurement tools, before proceeding to the third phase, exploratory trials.When the data generated in such trials are deemed valid and reliable, using specified criteria, alternative forms of evaluation to the randomized controlled trial, such as post-market surveillance studies, can follow.
It is also proposed that these adaptations of the MRC framework may apply to complex evaluations more generally.
It is proposed that dressing performance in chronic wound care may best be evaluated by a focus on the first two phases of the framework, theorizing and modelling, to design interventions and measurement tools, before proceeding to the third phase, exploratory trials.When the data generated in such trials are deemed valid and reliable, using specified criteria, alternative forms of evaluation to the randomized controlled trial, such as post-market surveillance studies, can follow.
It is also proposed that these adaptations of the MRC framework may apply to complex evaluations more generally.
Lynam, M. Judith; Cowley, Sarah
Understanding marginalization as a social determinant of health Journal Article
In: Critical Public Health, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 137–149, 2007, ISSN: 0958-1596, (Publisher: Taylor & Francis ).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Bourdieu, culture and health, exclusion, health inequalities, Marginalization, social determinants of health
@article{lynam_understanding_2007,
title = {Understanding marginalization as a social determinant of health},
author = {M. Judith Lynam and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1080/09581590601045907},
issn = {0958-1596},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-01},
urldate = {2007-06-01},
journal = {Critical Public Health},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {137–149},
abstract = {Population-based studies have drawn attention to the associations between social and material disadvantage and poor mental and physical health over the life course, thereby contributing to inequalities in health. More recently, research in Britain has demonstrated that the effects of such disadvantage are cumulative through childhood and has shown that ‘ethnic minorities’ are at particular risk.
This study gathered data from persons at risk, specifically first-generation migrant teenaged girls and their mothers, in Britain and Canada, and identified marginalization as a central feature of their relationships with others. Bourdieu's theoretical perspective is drawn on to examine the processes that contribute to marginalization and the conditions of broader society that sustain and reproduce them. It was the participants’ experience that their potential goes unrecognized, their opportunities to develop new relationships curtailed and possibilities to acquire new competences were eclipsed by others’ assumptions about them.
The authors illustrate the social processes that contribute to the creation of tensions between seeking to belong and being assigned to the margins and consider their attendant influences on health. Taking direction from Bourdieu they illustrate ways in which discourses of marginalization and marginalizing practices associated with them can be interrupted, and in so doing work towards redressing processes that create a context for health inequalities.},
note = {Publisher: Taylor & Francis },
keywords = {Bourdieu, culture and health, exclusion, health inequalities, Marginalization, social determinants of health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Population-based studies have drawn attention to the associations between social and material disadvantage and poor mental and physical health over the life course, thereby contributing to inequalities in health. More recently, research in Britain has demonstrated that the effects of such disadvantage are cumulative through childhood and has shown that ‘ethnic minorities’ are at particular risk.
This study gathered data from persons at risk, specifically first-generation migrant teenaged girls and their mothers, in Britain and Canada, and identified marginalization as a central feature of their relationships with others. Bourdieu's theoretical perspective is drawn on to examine the processes that contribute to marginalization and the conditions of broader society that sustain and reproduce them. It was the participants’ experience that their potential goes unrecognized, their opportunities to develop new relationships curtailed and possibilities to acquire new competences were eclipsed by others’ assumptions about them.
The authors illustrate the social processes that contribute to the creation of tensions between seeking to belong and being assigned to the margins and consider their attendant influences on health. Taking direction from Bourdieu they illustrate ways in which discourses of marginalization and marginalizing practices associated with them can be interrupted, and in so doing work towards redressing processes that create a context for health inequalities.
This study gathered data from persons at risk, specifically first-generation migrant teenaged girls and their mothers, in Britain and Canada, and identified marginalization as a central feature of their relationships with others. Bourdieu's theoretical perspective is drawn on to examine the processes that contribute to marginalization and the conditions of broader society that sustain and reproduce them. It was the participants’ experience that their potential goes unrecognized, their opportunities to develop new relationships curtailed and possibilities to acquire new competences were eclipsed by others’ assumptions about them.
The authors illustrate the social processes that contribute to the creation of tensions between seeking to belong and being assigned to the margins and consider their attendant influences on health. Taking direction from Bourdieu they illustrate ways in which discourses of marginalization and marginalizing practices associated with them can be interrupted, and in so doing work towards redressing processes that create a context for health inequalities.
Dowling, Sandra; Manthorpe, Jill; Cowley, Sarah
Working on person-centred planning: From amber to green light? Journal Article
In: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 65–82, 2007, ISSN: 1744-6295, (Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{dowling_working_2007,
title = {Working on person-centred planning: From amber to green light?},
author = {Sandra Dowling and Jill Manthorpe and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1177/1744629507073999},
issn = {1744-6295},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-03-01},
urldate = {2007-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Intellectual Disabilities},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {65–82},
abstract = {This article reviews the practice and policy based literature on person-centred planning in learning disability services in England. Its aim is to identify the implications for the workforce in practice.
The analysis found that implementation is often described as partial or slow and characterizes reasons for this at a number of levels, including the slow pace of change in service culture and power relations, immutable funding structures, services’ inflexible infrastructures, high levels of staff turnover and lack of training, inexperience among service management, inadequate staff supervision, and ambiguity among some stakeholders. Little substantial critique exists of the model itself.
Analysis of the literature further reveals that the implementation of person-centred planning in practice is assisted by policy encouragement, service development and investment, favourable case reports and personal accounts, practitioner enthusiasm and positive evaluations.
This article explores these to consider what facilitates the adoption of new elements of practice.},
note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article reviews the practice and policy based literature on person-centred planning in learning disability services in England. Its aim is to identify the implications for the workforce in practice.
The analysis found that implementation is often described as partial or slow and characterizes reasons for this at a number of levels, including the slow pace of change in service culture and power relations, immutable funding structures, services’ inflexible infrastructures, high levels of staff turnover and lack of training, inexperience among service management, inadequate staff supervision, and ambiguity among some stakeholders. Little substantial critique exists of the model itself.
Analysis of the literature further reveals that the implementation of person-centred planning in practice is assisted by policy encouragement, service development and investment, favourable case reports and personal accounts, practitioner enthusiasm and positive evaluations.
This article explores these to consider what facilitates the adoption of new elements of practice.
The analysis found that implementation is often described as partial or slow and characterizes reasons for this at a number of levels, including the slow pace of change in service culture and power relations, immutable funding structures, services’ inflexible infrastructures, high levels of staff turnover and lack of training, inexperience among service management, inadequate staff supervision, and ambiguity among some stakeholders. Little substantial critique exists of the model itself.
Analysis of the literature further reveals that the implementation of person-centred planning in practice is assisted by policy encouragement, service development and investment, favourable case reports and personal accounts, practitioner enthusiasm and positive evaluations.
This article explores these to consider what facilitates the adoption of new elements of practice.
Appleton, Jane; Caan, Woody; Cowley, Sarah; Kendall, Sally
Busting the bureaucracy: lessons from research governance in primary care Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 29–32, 2007, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Child, Child Advocacy, decision making, Documentation, Ethics Committees, Guidelines as Topic, Health Care Reform, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Nursing Research, Organizational, Organizational Case Studies, Organizational Innovation, Organizational Policy, Peer Review, Primary Health Care, Research, Research Design, Research Support as Topic, State Medicine, Time Factors, United Kingdom
@article{appleton_busting_2007,
title = {Busting the bureaucracy: lessons from research governance in primary care},
author = {Jane Appleton and Woody Caan and Sarah Cowley and Sally Kendall},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-02-01},
urldate = {2007-02-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {80},
number = {2},
pages = {29–32},
abstract = {This paper provides a critical discussion of the research governance approval processes faced in a nationally-funded primary care health service survey.
The study is investigating how a range of English primary care organisations are addressing child protection and safeguarding children responsibilities in the light of a wealth of policy directives following publication of the report of Lord Laming's inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbié in 2003.
The principal investigator is a member of a local research ethics committee and has a good working knowledge of the Research Governance Framework. However, following multi-centre research ethics committee approval, a whole catalogue of difficulties emerged in gaining research governance approval for this study from primary care organisations.
These challenges and our lessons for primary care are outlined in an organisational case study with the intention of generating debate around this fundamental stage in the research process. With the current restructuring of primary care, we believe the time is right to streamline research governance procedures.},
keywords = {Child, Child Advocacy, decision making, Documentation, Ethics Committees, Guidelines as Topic, Health Care Reform, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Nursing Research, Organizational, Organizational Case Studies, Organizational Innovation, Organizational Policy, Peer Review, Primary Health Care, Research, Research Design, Research Support as Topic, State Medicine, Time Factors, United Kingdom},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper provides a critical discussion of the research governance approval processes faced in a nationally-funded primary care health service survey.
The study is investigating how a range of English primary care organisations are addressing child protection and safeguarding children responsibilities in the light of a wealth of policy directives following publication of the report of Lord Laming's inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbié in 2003.
The principal investigator is a member of a local research ethics committee and has a good working knowledge of the Research Governance Framework. However, following multi-centre research ethics committee approval, a whole catalogue of difficulties emerged in gaining research governance approval for this study from primary care organisations.
These challenges and our lessons for primary care are outlined in an organisational case study with the intention of generating debate around this fundamental stage in the research process. With the current restructuring of primary care, we believe the time is right to streamline research governance procedures.
The study is investigating how a range of English primary care organisations are addressing child protection and safeguarding children responsibilities in the light of a wealth of policy directives following publication of the report of Lord Laming's inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbié in 2003.
The principal investigator is a member of a local research ethics committee and has a good working knowledge of the Research Governance Framework. However, following multi-centre research ethics committee approval, a whole catalogue of difficulties emerged in gaining research governance approval for this study from primary care organisations.
These challenges and our lessons for primary care are outlined in an organisational case study with the intention of generating debate around this fundamental stage in the research process. With the current restructuring of primary care, we believe the time is right to streamline research governance procedures.
Memorandum by Professor Sarah Cowley (HI 76) The contribution of the NHS to reducing health inequalities. Technical Report
Health Committee House of Commons, no. HC 422-II, 2007.
BibTeX | Tags:
@techreport{cowley_memorandum_2007,
title = {Memorandum by Professor Sarah Cowley (HI 76) The contribution of the NHS to reducing health inequalities.},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
urldate = {2007-01-01},
number = {HC 422-II},
pages = {256–261},
address = {House of Commons},
institution = {Health Committee},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Cowley, Sarah
Principles of British health visiting Journal Article
In: Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, vol. 41, no. spe, pp. 756, 2007, ISSN: 0080-6234.
@article{cowley_principles_2007,
title = {Principles of British health visiting},
author = {Sarah Cowley},
issn = {0080-6234},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
urldate = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP},
volume = {41},
number = {spe},
pages = {756},
abstract = {Principles of British health visiting},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Principles of British health visiting
2006
Whittaker, Karen A.; Cowley, Sarah
Evaluating health visitor parenting support: validating outcome measures for parental self-efficacy Journal Article
In: Journal of Child Health Care, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 296–308, 2006, ISSN: 1367-4935, (Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{whittaker_evaluating_2006,
title = {Evaluating health visitor parenting support: validating outcome measures for parental self-efficacy},
author = {Karen A. Whittaker and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1177/1367493506067882},
issn = {1367-4935},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-12-01},
urldate = {2006-12-01},
journal = {Journal of Child Health Care},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {296–308},
abstract = {Parenting support has become an increasing feature of child health services within the United Kingdom but typically, outcome measures available for testing the effectiveness of parenting interventions have been developed and validated elsewhere.
This article reports the results of a feasibility study testing the Parenting Self-Agency Measure (PSAM) and subscales from the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (SEPTI) as outcome measures for UK-based parenting support programmes. Forty-six mothers and 10 fathers accessing routine health visitor and school nurse services participated in the test–re-test of the scales and commented separately on the acceptability of scale questions. Very large intra-class correlation results indicated good repeatability but alpha coefficient scores and factor analysis results suggest that UK respondents may not recognize SEPTI subscales items as measuring single dimensions.
The PSAM was a more stable measure of parenting self-beliefs than the SEPTI subscales when tested with a UK sample of parents.},
note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parenting support has become an increasing feature of child health services within the United Kingdom but typically, outcome measures available for testing the effectiveness of parenting interventions have been developed and validated elsewhere.
This article reports the results of a feasibility study testing the Parenting Self-Agency Measure (PSAM) and subscales from the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (SEPTI) as outcome measures for UK-based parenting support programmes. Forty-six mothers and 10 fathers accessing routine health visitor and school nurse services participated in the test–re-test of the scales and commented separately on the acceptability of scale questions. Very large intra-class correlation results indicated good repeatability but alpha coefficient scores and factor analysis results suggest that UK respondents may not recognize SEPTI subscales items as measuring single dimensions.
The PSAM was a more stable measure of parenting self-beliefs than the SEPTI subscales when tested with a UK sample of parents.
This article reports the results of a feasibility study testing the Parenting Self-Agency Measure (PSAM) and subscales from the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (SEPTI) as outcome measures for UK-based parenting support programmes. Forty-six mothers and 10 fathers accessing routine health visitor and school nurse services participated in the test–re-test of the scales and commented separately on the acceptability of scale questions. Very large intra-class correlation results indicated good repeatability but alpha coefficient scores and factor analysis results suggest that UK respondents may not recognize SEPTI subscales items as measuring single dimensions.
The PSAM was a more stable measure of parenting self-beliefs than the SEPTI subscales when tested with a UK sample of parents.
Coyne, Imelda; Cowley, Sarah
Using grounded theory to research parent participation Journal Article
In: Journal of Research in Nursing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 501–515, 2006, ISSN: 1744-9871, (Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{coyne_using_2006,
title = {Using grounded theory to research parent participation},
author = {Imelda Coyne and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1177/1744987106065831},
issn = {1744-9871},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
urldate = {2006-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Research in Nursing},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {501–515},
abstract = {There are many interpretations and applications of the grounded theory method which have contributed to different understandings of grounded theory and different versions of how the key components (theoretical sampling, constant comparative analysis and theoretical saturation) should be implemented. The esoteric terminology coupled with the matrix style of the analysis process can be challenging for new researchers.
This paper uses data from a study on parent participation to illustrate the application of the key components of grounded theory. Grounded theory provides clear guidelines on how to analyse qualitative data and so is a rigorous method that provides structure and direction to the researcher. However, theoretical sampling with vulnerable groups can be problematic and requires further discussion and debate from other users of grounded theory.},
note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There are many interpretations and applications of the grounded theory method which have contributed to different understandings of grounded theory and different versions of how the key components (theoretical sampling, constant comparative analysis and theoretical saturation) should be implemented. The esoteric terminology coupled with the matrix style of the analysis process can be challenging for new researchers.
This paper uses data from a study on parent participation to illustrate the application of the key components of grounded theory. Grounded theory provides clear guidelines on how to analyse qualitative data and so is a rigorous method that provides structure and direction to the researcher. However, theoretical sampling with vulnerable groups can be problematic and requires further discussion and debate from other users of grounded theory.
This paper uses data from a study on parent participation to illustrate the application of the key components of grounded theory. Grounded theory provides clear guidelines on how to analyse qualitative data and so is a rigorous method that provides structure and direction to the researcher. However, theoretical sampling with vulnerable groups can be problematic and requires further discussion and debate from other users of grounded theory.
Sandra Dowling, Jill Manthorpe; ", Sarah Cowley.
Person-centred planning in social care: a scoping review Book
Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York [England], 2006, ISBN: 978-1-85935-479-7.
BibTeX | Tags: Great Britain, People with disabilities, Planning, Services for, Social service
@book{dowling_person-centred_2006,
title = {Person-centred planning in social care: a scoping review},
author = {Dowling, Sandra, Jill Manthorpe, and Sarah Cowley. "},
editor = {Sandra Dowling},
isbn = {978-1-85935-479-7},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
publisher = {Joseph Rowntree Foundation},
address = {York [England]},
keywords = {Great Britain, People with disabilities, Planning, Services for, Social service},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Cowley, Sarah A.
The Principles of Health Visiting: opening the door to public health practice in the 21st century Book
2006.
@book{cowley_principles_2006,
title = {The Principles of Health Visiting: opening the door to public health practice in the 21st century},
author = {Sarah A. Cowley},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
abstract = {Introduction to book
The professional practice of health visiting consists of planned activities aimed at improving the physical, mental, emotional and social health and wellbeing of the population, preventing disease and reducing inequalities in health. Its overall purpose is to improve health and social wellbeing through identifying health needs, raising awareness of health and social wellbeing, influencing the broader context that affects health and social wellbeing, and enabling and empowering people to improve their own health. The health visiting contribution to public health takes account of the different dynamics and needs of individuals, families and groups, and the community as a whole.
The health visiting process is achieved through a focus on four clear principles, which are:
● The search for health needs
● The stimulation of an awareness of health needs
● The influence on policies affecting health
● The facilitation of an awareness of health needs
Health visitors provide a proactive service, concerned with identifying and fulfilling self-declared and recognised as well as unrecognised health needs of individuals, families and social groups. Health visiting is distinguished by the emphasis that it places on the proactive search for health needs, rather than only responding to the demand for care; on primary prevention and promotion, not just treatment; its focus on people as members of groups, families and communities; and its concern with the health of populations as well as individuals.
Health visiting practice takes place in a variety of settings, particularly in people’s homes, but also in communities, for example, neighbourhoods, housing estates and villages, and in institutions, such as schools, prisons and healthcare organisations and, in collaboration with others, extends to settings such as healthy cities, towns or areas. Health visitors work particularly with infants and children and their families, but also with young people and those of working age, with the retired population and older people, and vulnerable groups of any age.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Introduction to book
The professional practice of health visiting consists of planned activities aimed at improving the physical, mental, emotional and social health and wellbeing of the population, preventing disease and reducing inequalities in health. Its overall purpose is to improve health and social wellbeing through identifying health needs, raising awareness of health and social wellbeing, influencing the broader context that affects health and social wellbeing, and enabling and empowering people to improve their own health. The health visiting contribution to public health takes account of the different dynamics and needs of individuals, families and groups, and the community as a whole.
The health visiting process is achieved through a focus on four clear principles, which are:
● The search for health needs
● The stimulation of an awareness of health needs
● The influence on policies affecting health
● The facilitation of an awareness of health needs
Health visitors provide a proactive service, concerned with identifying and fulfilling self-declared and recognised as well as unrecognised health needs of individuals, families and social groups. Health visiting is distinguished by the emphasis that it places on the proactive search for health needs, rather than only responding to the demand for care; on primary prevention and promotion, not just treatment; its focus on people as members of groups, families and communities; and its concern with the health of populations as well as individuals.
Health visiting practice takes place in a variety of settings, particularly in people’s homes, but also in communities, for example, neighbourhoods, housing estates and villages, and in institutions, such as schools, prisons and healthcare organisations and, in collaboration with others, extends to settings such as healthy cities, towns or areas. Health visitors work particularly with infants and children and their families, but also with young people and those of working age, with the retired population and older people, and vulnerable groups of any age.
The professional practice of health visiting consists of planned activities aimed at improving the physical, mental, emotional and social health and wellbeing of the population, preventing disease and reducing inequalities in health. Its overall purpose is to improve health and social wellbeing through identifying health needs, raising awareness of health and social wellbeing, influencing the broader context that affects health and social wellbeing, and enabling and empowering people to improve their own health. The health visiting contribution to public health takes account of the different dynamics and needs of individuals, families and groups, and the community as a whole.
The health visiting process is achieved through a focus on four clear principles, which are:
● The search for health needs
● The stimulation of an awareness of health needs
● The influence on policies affecting health
● The facilitation of an awareness of health needs
Health visitors provide a proactive service, concerned with identifying and fulfilling self-declared and recognised as well as unrecognised health needs of individuals, families and social groups. Health visiting is distinguished by the emphasis that it places on the proactive search for health needs, rather than only responding to the demand for care; on primary prevention and promotion, not just treatment; its focus on people as members of groups, families and communities; and its concern with the health of populations as well as individuals.
Health visiting practice takes place in a variety of settings, particularly in people’s homes, but also in communities, for example, neighbourhoods, housing estates and villages, and in institutions, such as schools, prisons and healthcare organisations and, in collaboration with others, extends to settings such as healthy cities, towns or areas. Health visitors work particularly with infants and children and their families, but also with young people and those of working age, with the retired population and older people, and vulnerable groups of any age.
Hanafin, Sinéad; Cowley, Sarah
Quality in preventive and health-promoting services: constructing an understanding through process Journal Article
In: Journal of Nursing Management, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 472–482, 2006, ISSN: 1365-2834, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00671.x).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: community nursing, prevention, process, public health, Service quality
@article{hanafin_quality_2006,
title = {Quality in preventive and health-promoting services: constructing an understanding through process},
author = {Sinéad Hanafin and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00671.x},
issn = {1365-2834},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Nursing Management},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {472–482},
abstract = {Aim
To develop a model of service quality for health-promoting services.
Background
In assessing quality, there are difficulties in taking account of the views of multiple stakeholders, the process of the service and the organizational context within which the service is provided. This study set out to address these difficulties.
Methods
A collective case study that incorporated national data from public health nurses (n = 946; response rate 54%) and public health nurse managers (n = 24; response rate 75%) and four case study sites which included data collected from 27 mothers with infants. Results A model of service quality that takes account of multiple stakeholder constructions, organizational context, service process and consequences was developed.
Conclusions
Seven steps of process coupled with five concepts around which quality is judged can provide a basis for understanding service quality in a predominantly preventive and health-promoting type service.},
note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00671.x},
keywords = {community nursing, prevention, process, public health, Service quality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Aim
To develop a model of service quality for health-promoting services.
Background
In assessing quality, there are difficulties in taking account of the views of multiple stakeholders, the process of the service and the organizational context within which the service is provided. This study set out to address these difficulties.
Methods
A collective case study that incorporated national data from public health nurses (n = 946; response rate 54%) and public health nurse managers (n = 24; response rate 75%) and four case study sites which included data collected from 27 mothers with infants. Results A model of service quality that takes account of multiple stakeholder constructions, organizational context, service process and consequences was developed.
Conclusions
Seven steps of process coupled with five concepts around which quality is judged can provide a basis for understanding service quality in a predominantly preventive and health-promoting type service.
To develop a model of service quality for health-promoting services.
Background
In assessing quality, there are difficulties in taking account of the views of multiple stakeholders, the process of the service and the organizational context within which the service is provided. This study set out to address these difficulties.
Methods
A collective case study that incorporated national data from public health nurses (n = 946; response rate 54%) and public health nurse managers (n = 24; response rate 75%) and four case study sites which included data collected from 27 mothers with infants. Results A model of service quality that takes account of multiple stakeholder constructions, organizational context, service process and consequences was developed.
Conclusions
Seven steps of process coupled with five concepts around which quality is judged can provide a basis for understanding service quality in a predominantly preventive and health-promoting type service.
2005
Hanafin, Sinéad; Cowley, Sarah
Service configuration and quality of Irish public health nursing Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 433–436, 2005, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Child Health Services, Humans, Infant, Ireland, Newborn, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Public health nursing, Quality of Health Care, Resource Allocation, Task Performance and Analysis
@article{hanafin_service_2005,
title = {Service configuration and quality of Irish public health nursing},
author = {Sinéad Hanafin and Sarah Cowley},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-12-01},
urldate = {2005-12-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {78},
number = {12},
pages = {433–436},
abstract = {This paper presents findings from a national study of the Irish public health nursing service and focuses, in particular, on issues relating to service configuration.
The findings are drawn mainly from a national questionnaire of public health nurses (PHNs) working with families with infants (n=613; response rate 54 per cent) and the data were gathered in 1999/2000. The average ratio of public health nurse (PHN) to population size was found to be 1:3997 with a range between 500 and 16,500. The vast majority of respondents (85 per cent) had responsibility for five or more client groups including the elderly, those requiring clinical nursing care, terminal nursing care, psychiatric care, school nursing and the organisation of the home help service.
Statistically significant differences between and within health board areas in the extent to which other nurses were available to the service led to a conclusion that in these circumstances a standardised service across individual PHN areas is not possible. The findings highlight the importance of the principle of vertical equity where service configuration is determined by population composition and need.},
keywords = {Child Health Services, Humans, Infant, Ireland, Newborn, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Public health nursing, Quality of Health Care, Resource Allocation, Task Performance and Analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents findings from a national study of the Irish public health nursing service and focuses, in particular, on issues relating to service configuration.
The findings are drawn mainly from a national questionnaire of public health nurses (PHNs) working with families with infants (n=613; response rate 54 per cent) and the data were gathered in 1999/2000. The average ratio of public health nurse (PHN) to population size was found to be 1:3997 with a range between 500 and 16,500. The vast majority of respondents (85 per cent) had responsibility for five or more client groups including the elderly, those requiring clinical nursing care, terminal nursing care, psychiatric care, school nursing and the organisation of the home help service.
Statistically significant differences between and within health board areas in the extent to which other nurses were available to the service led to a conclusion that in these circumstances a standardised service across individual PHN areas is not possible. The findings highlight the importance of the principle of vertical equity where service configuration is determined by population composition and need.
The findings are drawn mainly from a national questionnaire of public health nurses (PHNs) working with families with infants (n=613; response rate 54 per cent) and the data were gathered in 1999/2000. The average ratio of public health nurse (PHN) to population size was found to be 1:3997 with a range between 500 and 16,500. The vast majority of respondents (85 per cent) had responsibility for five or more client groups including the elderly, those requiring clinical nursing care, terminal nursing care, psychiatric care, school nursing and the organisation of the home help service.
Statistically significant differences between and within health board areas in the extent to which other nurses were available to the service led to a conclusion that in these circumstances a standardised service across individual PHN areas is not possible. The findings highlight the importance of the principle of vertical equity where service configuration is determined by population composition and need.
Roche, Brenda; Cowley, Sarah; Salt, Niki; Scammell, Amy; Malone, Mary; Savile, Philippa; Aikens, Daphine; Fitzpatrick, Susan
Reassurance or judgement? Parents' views on the delivery of child health surveillance programmes Journal Article
In: Family Practice, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 507–512, 2005, ISSN: 0263-2136.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{roche_reassurance_2005,
title = {Reassurance or judgement? Parents' views on the delivery of child health surveillance programmes},
author = {Brenda Roche and Sarah Cowley and Niki Salt and Amy Scammell and Mary Malone and Philippa Savile and Daphine Aikens and Susan Fitzpatrick},
doi = {10.1093/fampra/cmi046},
issn = {0263-2136},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-10-01},
urldate = {2005-10-01},
journal = {Family Practice},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {507–512},
abstract = {Background
The first year of a child's life is a crucial time for child development. Current guidance about child health surveillance and health promotion programmes emphasises a partnership approach between health professionals and parents when it comes to child health care. Parents' voices have been largely absent from discussions about local child health programmes. For partnership working to be effective and for local services to be able to evolve effectively parents' views are vital.Objectives. This study aimed to explore parents' views on the child health surveillance and health promotion programmes offered during the first year of their child's life. The study aimed to be consumer-led through the involvement of lead parents in all stages of the research process.
Methods
This study employed a qualitative methodology of focus groups and individual interviews. 35 participants were drawn from three general practices using a snowball sampling technique. Eligibility was determined as parents with a child under the age of one year or expecting a baby within the study timescale and registered at one of the 3 general practices. Focus groups were led by three ‘parent-researchers’ and individual interviews were conducted by a researcher. All focus groups and interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Atlas.Ti.
Results
Several main themes were identified in this study. Firstly, when discussing scheduled health checks for children under one year of age parents expressed more positive feelings for the eight-week check which was seen to be comprehensive and informative rather than the eight-month check which was viewed as bureaucratic and less reassuring. Secondly, parents clearly articulated a need for reassurance and support from health professionals involved in child health surveillance and health promotion programmes. Thirdly, a crucial professional in the delivery of these programmes was the health visitor. Whilst parents expressed support for the concept of health visitors some health visitors were seen as bureaucratic and as making judgements of need based on socio-economic factors. Finally, some parents spoke of feeling excluded from accessing support as they were deemed not to be ‘in need’.
Conclusions
Wider concepts of partnership working between health professionals and parents, and, needs assessment are important to this study. Crucial elements of the partnership appear to be missing and this coupled with needs assessments that leave parents feeling excluded mean that there are discrepancies between expectations and experiences of parents. These issues require consideration in order to improve services and experiences.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
The first year of a child's life is a crucial time for child development. Current guidance about child health surveillance and health promotion programmes emphasises a partnership approach between health professionals and parents when it comes to child health care. Parents' voices have been largely absent from discussions about local child health programmes. For partnership working to be effective and for local services to be able to evolve effectively parents' views are vital.Objectives. This study aimed to explore parents' views on the child health surveillance and health promotion programmes offered during the first year of their child's life. The study aimed to be consumer-led through the involvement of lead parents in all stages of the research process.
Methods
This study employed a qualitative methodology of focus groups and individual interviews. 35 participants were drawn from three general practices using a snowball sampling technique. Eligibility was determined as parents with a child under the age of one year or expecting a baby within the study timescale and registered at one of the 3 general practices. Focus groups were led by three ‘parent-researchers’ and individual interviews were conducted by a researcher. All focus groups and interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Atlas.Ti.
Results
Several main themes were identified in this study. Firstly, when discussing scheduled health checks for children under one year of age parents expressed more positive feelings for the eight-week check which was seen to be comprehensive and informative rather than the eight-month check which was viewed as bureaucratic and less reassuring. Secondly, parents clearly articulated a need for reassurance and support from health professionals involved in child health surveillance and health promotion programmes. Thirdly, a crucial professional in the delivery of these programmes was the health visitor. Whilst parents expressed support for the concept of health visitors some health visitors were seen as bureaucratic and as making judgements of need based on socio-economic factors. Finally, some parents spoke of feeling excluded from accessing support as they were deemed not to be ‘in need’.
Conclusions
Wider concepts of partnership working between health professionals and parents, and, needs assessment are important to this study. Crucial elements of the partnership appear to be missing and this coupled with needs assessments that leave parents feeling excluded mean that there are discrepancies between expectations and experiences of parents. These issues require consideration in order to improve services and experiences.
The first year of a child's life is a crucial time for child development. Current guidance about child health surveillance and health promotion programmes emphasises a partnership approach between health professionals and parents when it comes to child health care. Parents' voices have been largely absent from discussions about local child health programmes. For partnership working to be effective and for local services to be able to evolve effectively parents' views are vital.Objectives. This study aimed to explore parents' views on the child health surveillance and health promotion programmes offered during the first year of their child's life. The study aimed to be consumer-led through the involvement of lead parents in all stages of the research process.
Methods
This study employed a qualitative methodology of focus groups and individual interviews. 35 participants were drawn from three general practices using a snowball sampling technique. Eligibility was determined as parents with a child under the age of one year or expecting a baby within the study timescale and registered at one of the 3 general practices. Focus groups were led by three ‘parent-researchers’ and individual interviews were conducted by a researcher. All focus groups and interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Atlas.Ti.
Results
Several main themes were identified in this study. Firstly, when discussing scheduled health checks for children under one year of age parents expressed more positive feelings for the eight-week check which was seen to be comprehensive and informative rather than the eight-month check which was viewed as bureaucratic and less reassuring. Secondly, parents clearly articulated a need for reassurance and support from health professionals involved in child health surveillance and health promotion programmes. Thirdly, a crucial professional in the delivery of these programmes was the health visitor. Whilst parents expressed support for the concept of health visitors some health visitors were seen as bureaucratic and as making judgements of need based on socio-economic factors. Finally, some parents spoke of feeling excluded from accessing support as they were deemed not to be ‘in need’.
Conclusions
Wider concepts of partnership working between health professionals and parents, and, needs assessment are important to this study. Crucial elements of the partnership appear to be missing and this coupled with needs assessments that leave parents feeling excluded mean that there are discrepancies between expectations and experiences of parents. These issues require consideration in order to improve services and experiences.
Bidmead, Christine; Cowley, Sarah
Evaluating family partnership training in health visitor practice Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 239–245, 2005, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Community Health Nursing, Continuing, Cooperative Behavior, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Education, Employee Performance Appraisal, England, Family, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Nonverbal Communication, nursing, Nursing Education Research, Nursing Methodology Research, Nursing Staff, Pilot Projects, Professional-Family Relations, Program Evaluation, qualitative research, Research Design, Statistical, Surveys and Questionnaires, Videotape Recording
@article{bidmead_evaluating_2005,
title = {Evaluating family partnership training in health visitor practice},
author = {Christine Bidmead and Sarah Cowley},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-07-01},
urldate = {2005-07-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {78},
number = {7},
pages = {239–245},
abstract = {The second paper in this series of two on partnership examines the effects of family partnership (parent adviser) training which builds on health visitors' skills to facilitate partnership working with parents.
This study was utilised as a pilot to identify a suitable method, to explore the interaction processes of health visitors who had undergone the training. The study draws together both quantitative and qualitative methods to seek to understand processes in depth.
Three health visitors, who were part of a training group of 12, took part in the qualitative research using stimulated recall methodology. The quantitative data was collected from the whole training group using the Constructions of Helping questionnaire and the course evaluation form.
The findings suggest that the family partnership training may be effective in enhancing partnership working in health visiting and that the stimulated recall methodology is an effective method of identifying the processes of interaction. The triangulation of methods led to an understanding that change in practice is dependent on the insight of the practitioner and that this may be able to be measured to some extent by the use of different methods.},
keywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Community Health Nursing, Continuing, Cooperative Behavior, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Education, Employee Performance Appraisal, England, Family, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Nonverbal Communication, nursing, Nursing Education Research, Nursing Methodology Research, Nursing Staff, Pilot Projects, Professional-Family Relations, Program Evaluation, qualitative research, Research Design, Statistical, Surveys and Questionnaires, Videotape Recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The second paper in this series of two on partnership examines the effects of family partnership (parent adviser) training which builds on health visitors' skills to facilitate partnership working with parents.
This study was utilised as a pilot to identify a suitable method, to explore the interaction processes of health visitors who had undergone the training. The study draws together both quantitative and qualitative methods to seek to understand processes in depth.
Three health visitors, who were part of a training group of 12, took part in the qualitative research using stimulated recall methodology. The quantitative data was collected from the whole training group using the Constructions of Helping questionnaire and the course evaluation form.
The findings suggest that the family partnership training may be effective in enhancing partnership working in health visiting and that the stimulated recall methodology is an effective method of identifying the processes of interaction. The triangulation of methods led to an understanding that change in practice is dependent on the insight of the practitioner and that this may be able to be measured to some extent by the use of different methods.
This study was utilised as a pilot to identify a suitable method, to explore the interaction processes of health visitors who had undergone the training. The study draws together both quantitative and qualitative methods to seek to understand processes in depth.
Three health visitors, who were part of a training group of 12, took part in the qualitative research using stimulated recall methodology. The quantitative data was collected from the whole training group using the Constructions of Helping questionnaire and the course evaluation form.
The findings suggest that the family partnership training may be effective in enhancing partnership working in health visiting and that the stimulated recall methodology is an effective method of identifying the processes of interaction. The triangulation of methods led to an understanding that change in practice is dependent on the insight of the practitioner and that this may be able to be measured to some extent by the use of different methods.
Bidmead, Christine; Cowley, Sarah
A concept analysis of partnership with clients Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 203–208, 2005, ISSN: 1462-2815.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Clinical Competence, Communication, Community Health Nursing, Concept Formation, Cooperative Behavior, Empathy, Humans, Judgment, Models, Negotiating, Nurse-Patient Relations, Nurse's Role, nursing, Nursing Theory, Parents, Patient Participation, Pediatric Nursing, Philosophy, Power, Psychological, Social Support, Supervisory, Trust
@article{bidmead_concept_2005,
title = {A concept analysis of partnership with clients},
author = {Christine Bidmead and Sarah Cowley},
issn = {1462-2815},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-06-01},
urldate = {2005-06-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association},
volume = {78},
number = {6},
pages = {203–208},
abstract = {The aim of this first paper of two about partnership working with clients is to define and clarify partnership as it is practised within health visiting, by identifying the central notions of partnership working in practice.
The aim of the second paper will be to describe an evaluation of a training course in partnership working for health visitors. Partnership is a word in common usage within the health professions but its meaning is ill-defined.
A literature search was undertaken to identify ways in which previous authors have used the concept within nursing, counselling and health visiting. Rodgers' approach to concept analysis was undertaken to seek clarity for the concept. This revealed the ways in which various authors have used the word, an analysis of its defining attributes, surrogate terms, antecedents, consequences and a concluding definition.
The results showed that partnership with clients in health visiting can be defined as a respectful, negotiated way of working together that enables choice, participation and equity, within an honest, trusting relationship that is based in empathy, support and reciprocity. It is best established within a model of health visiting that recognises partnership as a central tenet. It requires a high level of interpersonal qualities and communication skills in staff who are, themselves, supported through a system of clinical supervision that operates within the same partnership framework.},
keywords = {Clinical Competence, Communication, Community Health Nursing, Concept Formation, Cooperative Behavior, Empathy, Humans, Judgment, Models, Negotiating, Nurse-Patient Relations, Nurse's Role, nursing, Nursing Theory, Parents, Patient Participation, Pediatric Nursing, Philosophy, Power, Psychological, Social Support, Supervisory, Trust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this first paper of two about partnership working with clients is to define and clarify partnership as it is practised within health visiting, by identifying the central notions of partnership working in practice.
The aim of the second paper will be to describe an evaluation of a training course in partnership working for health visitors. Partnership is a word in common usage within the health professions but its meaning is ill-defined.
A literature search was undertaken to identify ways in which previous authors have used the concept within nursing, counselling and health visiting. Rodgers' approach to concept analysis was undertaken to seek clarity for the concept. This revealed the ways in which various authors have used the word, an analysis of its defining attributes, surrogate terms, antecedents, consequences and a concluding definition.
The results showed that partnership with clients in health visiting can be defined as a respectful, negotiated way of working together that enables choice, participation and equity, within an honest, trusting relationship that is based in empathy, support and reciprocity. It is best established within a model of health visiting that recognises partnership as a central tenet. It requires a high level of interpersonal qualities and communication skills in staff who are, themselves, supported through a system of clinical supervision that operates within the same partnership framework.
The aim of the second paper will be to describe an evaluation of a training course in partnership working for health visitors. Partnership is a word in common usage within the health professions but its meaning is ill-defined.
A literature search was undertaken to identify ways in which previous authors have used the concept within nursing, counselling and health visiting. Rodgers' approach to concept analysis was undertaken to seek clarity for the concept. This revealed the ways in which various authors have used the word, an analysis of its defining attributes, surrogate terms, antecedents, consequences and a concluding definition.
The results showed that partnership with clients in health visiting can be defined as a respectful, negotiated way of working together that enables choice, participation and equity, within an honest, trusting relationship that is based in empathy, support and reciprocity. It is best established within a model of health visiting that recognises partnership as a central tenet. It requires a high level of interpersonal qualities and communication skills in staff who are, themselves, supported through a system of clinical supervision that operates within the same partnership framework.
Grocott, P; Browne, N; Cowley, S
Quality of life: Assessing the impact and benefits of care to patients with fungating wounds Journal Article
In: WOUNDS, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2005, ISSN: 1044-7946.
@article{grocott_quality_2005,
title = {Quality of life: Assessing the impact and benefits of care to patients with fungating wounds},
author = {P Grocott and N Browne and S Cowley},
issn = {1044-7946},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
urldate = {2005-01-01},
journal = {WOUNDS},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {8–15},
abstract = {Fungating malignant wounds are caused by tumor infiltration of the skin. Unless amenable to anti-cancer treatments, the infiltration extends, the wounds advance, and the management goals are palliative. Palliative care optimizes quality of life (QoL) through the control of physical symptoms and attention to patients' psychosocial needs. Quality of life in the context of palliative care and fungating wounds may therefore be conceptualized in terms of focused outcomes of interventions, including dimensions, such as hope, meaning, and self-esteem.
Two disease-specific measurement tools have been identified and can be used to assess and measure the outcomes of fungating wound management together with the impact of the condition on the individual: the Wound and Symptoms Self-Assessment Chart (WoSSAC) and Treatment Evaluation by LE Roux's method (TELER(R)). Both focus on the palliative management of fungating wounds, and although not located in the QoL literature, they address QoL issues. The tools differ fundamentally in their approaches to assessment and measurement, which center on the differences between generic and individualized models of measurement and include the generalization of attributes and use of fixed-item formats.
The conceptual framework that underpins the TELER system relates to key themes drawn from the QoL literature. These themes focus on the individual, reconciliation of expectations and hopes, needs as defined by individuals with health-care professionals, and continuous QoL assessment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fungating malignant wounds are caused by tumor infiltration of the skin. Unless amenable to anti-cancer treatments, the infiltration extends, the wounds advance, and the management goals are palliative. Palliative care optimizes quality of life (QoL) through the control of physical symptoms and attention to patients' psychosocial needs. Quality of life in the context of palliative care and fungating wounds may therefore be conceptualized in terms of focused outcomes of interventions, including dimensions, such as hope, meaning, and self-esteem.
Two disease-specific measurement tools have been identified and can be used to assess and measure the outcomes of fungating wound management together with the impact of the condition on the individual: the Wound and Symptoms Self-Assessment Chart (WoSSAC) and Treatment Evaluation by LE Roux's method (TELER(R)). Both focus on the palliative management of fungating wounds, and although not located in the QoL literature, they address QoL issues. The tools differ fundamentally in their approaches to assessment and measurement, which center on the differences between generic and individualized models of measurement and include the generalization of attributes and use of fixed-item formats.
The conceptual framework that underpins the TELER system relates to key themes drawn from the QoL literature. These themes focus on the individual, reconciliation of expectations and hopes, needs as defined by individuals with health-care professionals, and continuous QoL assessment.
Two disease-specific measurement tools have been identified and can be used to assess and measure the outcomes of fungating wound management together with the impact of the condition on the individual: the Wound and Symptoms Self-Assessment Chart (WoSSAC) and Treatment Evaluation by LE Roux's method (TELER(R)). Both focus on the palliative management of fungating wounds, and although not located in the QoL literature, they address QoL issues. The tools differ fundamentally in their approaches to assessment and measurement, which center on the differences between generic and individualized models of measurement and include the generalization of attributes and use of fixed-item formats.
The conceptual framework that underpins the TELER system relates to key themes drawn from the QoL literature. These themes focus on the individual, reconciliation of expectations and hopes, needs as defined by individuals with health-care professionals, and continuous QoL assessment.
2004
Appleton, Jane V; Cowley, Sarah
The guideline contradiction: health visitors’ use of formal guidelines for identifying and assessing families in need Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 785–797, 2004, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Guidelines, health visiting, needs assessment, Professional judgement, targeting
@article{appleton_guideline_2004,
title = {The guideline contradiction: health visitors’ use of formal guidelines for identifying and assessing families in need},
author = {Jane V Appleton and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.03.006},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-09-01},
urldate = {2004-09-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {41},
number = {7},
pages = {785–797},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to examine health visitors’ use of formal guidelines in identifying health needs and prioritising families requiring extra health visiting support.
With the increasing emphasis on targeted health visiting, a case study was used to explore the extent to which health visitors in three case sites use needs assessment guidelines in the assessment of family health need. The findings indicate how the presence of core visiting protocols hints at elements of control by managers, leading to conflicts in the relationship between professional judgements and official guidelines.
Despite a management ethos of guideline formulation, several contradictions exist for which these guidelines are a focus. These include: little involvement of health visitors in guideline development, some staff not informed about the existence of formal guidelines, little evidence of guidelines contributing to improved client outcomes and their limited use by many health visitors in practice. Thus, even when guidelines exist, no accurate predictions can be made about health visitors’ knowledge of or use of such guidelines in practice.},
keywords = {Guidelines, health visiting, needs assessment, Professional judgement, targeting},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this paper is to examine health visitors’ use of formal guidelines in identifying health needs and prioritising families requiring extra health visiting support.
With the increasing emphasis on targeted health visiting, a case study was used to explore the extent to which health visitors in three case sites use needs assessment guidelines in the assessment of family health need. The findings indicate how the presence of core visiting protocols hints at elements of control by managers, leading to conflicts in the relationship between professional judgements and official guidelines.
Despite a management ethos of guideline formulation, several contradictions exist for which these guidelines are a focus. These include: little involvement of health visitors in guideline development, some staff not informed about the existence of formal guidelines, little evidence of guidelines contributing to improved client outcomes and their limited use by many health visitors in practice. Thus, even when guidelines exist, no accurate predictions can be made about health visitors’ knowledge of or use of such guidelines in practice.
With the increasing emphasis on targeted health visiting, a case study was used to explore the extent to which health visitors in three case sites use needs assessment guidelines in the assessment of family health need. The findings indicate how the presence of core visiting protocols hints at elements of control by managers, leading to conflicts in the relationship between professional judgements and official guidelines.
Despite a management ethos of guideline formulation, several contradictions exist for which these guidelines are a focus. These include: little involvement of health visitors in guideline development, some staff not informed about the existence of formal guidelines, little evidence of guidelines contributing to improved client outcomes and their limited use by many health visitors in practice. Thus, even when guidelines exist, no accurate predictions can be made about health visitors’ knowledge of or use of such guidelines in practice.
Hanafin, Sinéad; Cowley, Sarah; Griffiths, Peter
An application of the mini review to a complex methodological question: how best to research public health nursing and service quality? Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 799–811, 2004, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Ireland, Methodology, Mini review, Public health nursing, Service quality
@article{hanafin_application_2004,
title = {An application of the mini review to a complex methodological question: how best to research public health nursing and service quality?},
author = {Sinéad Hanafin and Sarah Cowley and Peter Griffiths},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.03.007},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-09-01},
urldate = {2004-09-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {41},
number = {7},
pages = {799–811},
abstract = {This paper describes a mini review which enabled the identification of a suitable methodology to undertake a study about quality in the public health nursing in the Republic of Ireland.
Reviews of literature increasingly adopt the methods of systematic review. In general, these methods have been developed to answer clearly focussed clinical questions. In this paper, we adopt the key elements of systematic review, comprehensive identification of relevant material and selection based on objectively defined validity, to a different type of question, that of an appropriate methodology to examine quality in the public health nursing service. In doing so, we demonstrate that questions of clinical effectiveness are but one application for systematic review.},
keywords = {Ireland, Methodology, Mini review, Public health nursing, Service quality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes a mini review which enabled the identification of a suitable methodology to undertake a study about quality in the public health nursing in the Republic of Ireland.
Reviews of literature increasingly adopt the methods of systematic review. In general, these methods have been developed to answer clearly focussed clinical questions. In this paper, we adopt the key elements of systematic review, comprehensive identification of relevant material and selection based on objectively defined validity, to a different type of question, that of an appropriate methodology to examine quality in the public health nursing service. In doing so, we demonstrate that questions of clinical effectiveness are but one application for systematic review.
Reviews of literature increasingly adopt the methods of systematic review. In general, these methods have been developed to answer clearly focussed clinical questions. In this paper, we adopt the key elements of systematic review, comprehensive identification of relevant material and selection based on objectively defined validity, to a different type of question, that of an appropriate methodology to examine quality in the public health nursing service. In doing so, we demonstrate that questions of clinical effectiveness are but one application for systematic review.
Browne, Natasha; Grocott, Patricia; Cowley, Sarah; Cameron, Janice; Dealey, Carol; Keogh, Anne; Lovatt, Ann; Vowden, Kathryn; Vowden, Peter
Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products (WRAP): validation of the TELER method involving users Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 559–571, 2004, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Chronic wounds, Clinical note-making system, Dressing performance, Outcome measurement, User involvement, Validation
@article{browne_woundcare_2004,
title = {Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products (WRAP): validation of the TELER method involving users},
author = {Natasha Browne and Patricia Grocott and Sarah Cowley and Janice Cameron and Carol Dealey and Anne Keogh and Ann Lovatt and Kathryn Vowden and Peter Vowden},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2003.12.009},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-07-01},
urldate = {2004-07-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {559–571},
abstract = {Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products (WRAP) is a novel collaboration WRAP between industry and clinicians, funded by the Engineering and Physical Research Sciences Council.
WRAP objectives included the development and testing of methodologies to identify patients’ and clinicians’ needs with respect to wound dressings for exudate management. The management of exudate was the focus because it was demonstrated to be the pivotal problem for patients and clinicians in a study of malignant wounds, and is a recurring problem in other wound types. A clinical note-making system (Treatment Evaluation by Le Roux's method—TELER®) was validated as a method of collecting observational data of dressing performance in the context of total patient care, thereby involving the users of dressing products.
The validation process was a form of consensus where multiple sources of data were used to define patient problems, within the TELER indicators, to measure a change or lack of change in the problems during a period of treatment and care and to draw conclusions about dressing performance and patient experiences.},
keywords = {Chronic wounds, Clinical note-making system, Dressing performance, Outcome measurement, User involvement, Validation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products (WRAP) is a novel collaboration WRAP between industry and clinicians, funded by the Engineering and Physical Research Sciences Council.
WRAP objectives included the development and testing of methodologies to identify patients’ and clinicians’ needs with respect to wound dressings for exudate management. The management of exudate was the focus because it was demonstrated to be the pivotal problem for patients and clinicians in a study of malignant wounds, and is a recurring problem in other wound types. A clinical note-making system (Treatment Evaluation by Le Roux's method—TELER®) was validated as a method of collecting observational data of dressing performance in the context of total patient care, thereby involving the users of dressing products.
The validation process was a form of consensus where multiple sources of data were used to define patient problems, within the TELER indicators, to measure a change or lack of change in the problems during a period of treatment and care and to draw conclusions about dressing performance and patient experiences.
WRAP objectives included the development and testing of methodologies to identify patients’ and clinicians’ needs with respect to wound dressings for exudate management. The management of exudate was the focus because it was demonstrated to be the pivotal problem for patients and clinicians in a study of malignant wounds, and is a recurring problem in other wound types. A clinical note-making system (Treatment Evaluation by Le Roux's method—TELER®) was validated as a method of collecting observational data of dressing performance in the context of total patient care, thereby involving the users of dressing products.
The validation process was a form of consensus where multiple sources of data were used to define patient problems, within the TELER indicators, to measure a change or lack of change in the problems during a period of treatment and care and to draw conclusions about dressing performance and patient experiences.
Cowley, Sarah; Houston, Anna
Contradictory agendas in health visitor needs assessment. A discussion paper of its use for prioritizing, targeting and promoting health Journal Article
In: Primary Health Care Research & Development, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 240–254, 2004, ISSN: 1477-1128, 1463-4236, (Publisher: Cambridge University Press).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: empowerment, health promotion, health visiting, prioritizing, public health, targeting
@article{cowley_contradictory_2004,
title = {Contradictory agendas in health visitor needs assessment. A discussion paper of its use for prioritizing, targeting and promoting health},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Anna Houston},
doi = {10.1191/1463423604pc209oa},
issn = {1477-1128, 1463-4236},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-07-01},
urldate = {2004-07-01},
journal = {Primary Health Care Research & Development},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {240–254},
abstract = {This paper was motivated by the adverse results of a study that evaluated implementation of a structured health needs assessment tool in health visiting. It examines the conceptual basis of three approaches to needs assessment, exploring their relevance to the purpose of health visiting and their links with prioritizing, targeting and promoting health in practice.
It is intended to help health visitors, their managers and service commissioners to explain and understand the different requirements and expectations in each approach.British Government policy emphasizes that targeting and prioritizing are the means by which inequalities can be redressed and resources directed towards those in greatest need. Needs assessment processes are increasingly invoked as the mechanism through which health visiting services can best be deployed.
Health visitors are expected to help identify service priorities and to target their efforts effectively and efficiently. Access to services and user empowerment are also important aspects of the NHS modernization agenda. These concepts are fundamental to health promotion, which has been the consistent underlying purpose of the health visiting service since its inception.In this discussion paper, three approaches to needs assessment are unravelled, which focus on prioritizing, targeting and health promotion. It is suggested that these different purposes relate, in turn, to the expectations and requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment.
There are important benefits associated with each of the three approaches, but their underlying principles, purposes and requirements differ. Failure to appreciate such differences can lead to misunderstandings, confusion and even offence. A single instrument cannot successfully meet the expectations of all three approaches to needs assessment. Instead, a needs assessment system is necessary, to meet the contradictory requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment.},
note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
keywords = {empowerment, health promotion, health visiting, prioritizing, public health, targeting},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper was motivated by the adverse results of a study that evaluated implementation of a structured health needs assessment tool in health visiting. It examines the conceptual basis of three approaches to needs assessment, exploring their relevance to the purpose of health visiting and their links with prioritizing, targeting and promoting health in practice.
It is intended to help health visitors, their managers and service commissioners to explain and understand the different requirements and expectations in each approach.British Government policy emphasizes that targeting and prioritizing are the means by which inequalities can be redressed and resources directed towards those in greatest need. Needs assessment processes are increasingly invoked as the mechanism through which health visiting services can best be deployed.
Health visitors are expected to help identify service priorities and to target their efforts effectively and efficiently. Access to services and user empowerment are also important aspects of the NHS modernization agenda. These concepts are fundamental to health promotion, which has been the consistent underlying purpose of the health visiting service since its inception.In this discussion paper, three approaches to needs assessment are unravelled, which focus on prioritizing, targeting and health promotion. It is suggested that these different purposes relate, in turn, to the expectations and requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment.
There are important benefits associated with each of the three approaches, but their underlying principles, purposes and requirements differ. Failure to appreciate such differences can lead to misunderstandings, confusion and even offence. A single instrument cannot successfully meet the expectations of all three approaches to needs assessment. Instead, a needs assessment system is necessary, to meet the contradictory requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment.
It is intended to help health visitors, their managers and service commissioners to explain and understand the different requirements and expectations in each approach.British Government policy emphasizes that targeting and prioritizing are the means by which inequalities can be redressed and resources directed towards those in greatest need. Needs assessment processes are increasingly invoked as the mechanism through which health visiting services can best be deployed.
Health visitors are expected to help identify service priorities and to target their efforts effectively and efficiently. Access to services and user empowerment are also important aspects of the NHS modernization agenda. These concepts are fundamental to health promotion, which has been the consistent underlying purpose of the health visiting service since its inception.In this discussion paper, three approaches to needs assessment are unravelled, which focus on prioritizing, targeting and health promotion. It is suggested that these different purposes relate, in turn, to the expectations and requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment.
There are important benefits associated with each of the three approaches, but their underlying principles, purposes and requirements differ. Failure to appreciate such differences can lead to misunderstandings, confusion and even offence. A single instrument cannot successfully meet the expectations of all three approaches to needs assessment. Instead, a needs assessment system is necessary, to meet the contradictory requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment.
Cowley, Sarah
An open letter to Dr Stephen Ladyman... Journal Article
In: Community Practitioner, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 113–114, 2004.
BibTeX | Tags:
@article{cowley_open_2004,
title = {An open letter to Dr Stephen Ladyman...},
author = {Sarah Cowley},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-03-01},
urldate = {2004-03-01},
journal = {Community Practitioner},
volume = {77},
number = {3},
pages = {113–114},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heath, Helen; Cowley, Sarah
Developing a grounded theory approach: a comparison of Glaser and Strauss Journal Article
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 141–150, 2004, ISSN: 0020-7489.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analytic approaches, Grounded theory, Research methodology
@article{heath_developing_2004,
title = {Developing a grounded theory approach: a comparison of Glaser and Strauss},
author = {Helen Heath and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1016/S0020-7489(03)00113-5},
issn = {0020-7489},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-02-01},
urldate = {2004-02-01},
journal = {International Journal of Nursing Studies},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {141–150},
abstract = {Novice qualitative researchers are often unsure regarding the analysis of their data and, where grounded theory is chosen, they may be uncertain regarding the differences that now exist between the approaches of Glaser and Strauss, who together first described the method.
These two approaches are compared in relation to roots and divergences, role of induction, deduction and verification, ways in which data are coded and the format of generated theory. Personal experience of developing as a ground theorist is used to illustrate some of the key differences.
A conclusion is drawn that, rather than debate relative merits of the two approaches, suggests that novice researchers need to select the method that best suits their cognitive style and develop analytic skills through doing research.},
keywords = {Analytic approaches, Grounded theory, Research methodology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Novice qualitative researchers are often unsure regarding the analysis of their data and, where grounded theory is chosen, they may be uncertain regarding the differences that now exist between the approaches of Glaser and Strauss, who together first described the method.
These two approaches are compared in relation to roots and divergences, role of induction, deduction and verification, ways in which data are coded and the format of generated theory. Personal experience of developing as a ground theorist is used to illustrate some of the key differences.
A conclusion is drawn that, rather than debate relative merits of the two approaches, suggests that novice researchers need to select the method that best suits their cognitive style and develop analytic skills through doing research.
These two approaches are compared in relation to roots and divergences, role of induction, deduction and verification, ways in which data are coded and the format of generated theory. Personal experience of developing as a ground theorist is used to illustrate some of the key differences.
A conclusion is drawn that, rather than debate relative merits of the two approaches, suggests that novice researchers need to select the method that best suits their cognitive style and develop analytic skills through doing research.
Browne, Natasha; Grocott, Patricia; Cowley, Sarah
The wound dressing supply chain within England's National Health Service: unravelling the context for users Journal Article
In: Journal of Nursing Management, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 51–61, 2004, ISSN: 1365-2834.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: supply chain, wound dressings
@article{browne_wound_2004,
title = {The wound dressing supply chain within England's National Health Service: unravelling the context for users},
author = {Natasha Browne and Patricia Grocott and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2834.2003.00436.x},
issn = {1365-2834},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
urldate = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Nursing Management},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {51–61},
abstract = {Aim
To explore the representation of user needs (nurses and patients, both individuals and groups) at the industrial (wound dressing manufacture) and National Health Service interface.
Main issues
The wound dressing supply chain is outlined, tracking organizational changes. The methods that are used to transfer user information between industries that produce dressings and those using the products are reviewed in terms of their ability to communicate what users need from dressings. Organizational policies and systems are outlined, with the focus on their role in facilitating the communication of user needs.
Conclusion
Methods for generating user information that can directly inform dressing design are needed together with interactive communication routes within the supply chain, specifically between users, manufacturers, purchasers and suppliers. This will facilitate dual benefits for nursing management through improvements in purchasing decisions and nurses’ management of wound care.},
keywords = {supply chain, wound dressings},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Aim
To explore the representation of user needs (nurses and patients, both individuals and groups) at the industrial (wound dressing manufacture) and National Health Service interface.
Main issues
The wound dressing supply chain is outlined, tracking organizational changes. The methods that are used to transfer user information between industries that produce dressings and those using the products are reviewed in terms of their ability to communicate what users need from dressings. Organizational policies and systems are outlined, with the focus on their role in facilitating the communication of user needs.
Conclusion
Methods for generating user information that can directly inform dressing design are needed together with interactive communication routes within the supply chain, specifically between users, manufacturers, purchasers and suppliers. This will facilitate dual benefits for nursing management through improvements in purchasing decisions and nurses’ management of wound care.
To explore the representation of user needs (nurses and patients, both individuals and groups) at the industrial (wound dressing manufacture) and National Health Service interface.
Main issues
The wound dressing supply chain is outlined, tracking organizational changes. The methods that are used to transfer user information between industries that produce dressings and those using the products are reviewed in terms of their ability to communicate what users need from dressings. Organizational policies and systems are outlined, with the focus on their role in facilitating the communication of user needs.
Conclusion
Methods for generating user information that can directly inform dressing design are needed together with interactive communication routes within the supply chain, specifically between users, manufacturers, purchasers and suppliers. This will facilitate dual benefits for nursing management through improvements in purchasing decisions and nurses’ management of wound care.
Browne, N.; Grocott, P.; Cowley, S.; Cameron, J.; Dealey, C.; Keogh, A.; Lovatt, A.; Vowden, K.; Vowden, P.
The TELER system in wound care research and post market surveillance Journal Article
In: The EWMA Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 26–32, 2004, ISSN: 1609-2759, (Number: 1).
BibTeX | Tags:
@article{browne_teler_2004,
title = {The TELER system in wound care research and post market surveillance},
author = {N. Browne and P. Grocott and S. Cowley and J. Cameron and C. Dealey and A. Keogh and A. Lovatt and K. Vowden and P. Vowden},
issn = {1609-2759},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
urldate = {2004-01-01},
journal = {The EWMA Journal},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {26–32},
note = {Number: 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cowley, Sarah; Mitcheson, Jan; Houston, Anna M.
Structuring health needs assessments: the medicalisation of health visiting Journal Article
In: Sociology of Health & Illness, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 503–526, 2004, ISSN: 1467-9566.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: conversation analysis, Foucault, health needs assessment, health visiting, medicalisation, resistance, surveillance
@article{cowley_structuring_2004,
title = {Structuring health needs assessments: the medicalisation of health visiting},
author = {Sarah Cowley and Jan Mitcheson and Anna M. Houston},
doi = {10.1111/j.0141-9889.2004.00403.x},
issn = {1467-9566},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
urldate = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Sociology of Health & Illness},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {503–526},
abstract = {This paper draws on Foucault to understand the changing discourse and impact of structured ‘health needs assessments’ on health visiting practice.
Literature about this activity makes little mention of the long-standing social purposes of health visiting, which include surveillance of vulnerable and invisible populations, providing them, where needed, with help and support to access protective and supportive services. Instead, the discourse has been concerned primarily with an epidemiological focus and public health, which is associated with risk factors and assessments.
The use of pre-defined needs assessment schedules suggests that health visiting activity can be sanctioned and clients’ needs serviced only if they reach the threshold of pre-determined, epidemiologically-defined risk. Their effect on practice is examined through a conversation analysis of ten health visitor/client interactions using two different structured needs assessment tools.
The study indicates that the health visitors, like their clients, were controlled by institutional expectations of their role; analysis of their conversations shows how they achieved the requirements of the organisational agenda. Structuring client needs and health visiting practice through the use of formal needs assessment tools emphasises the epidemiological focus of the health service above the need to arrange support for vulnerable individuals. In this respect, it serves as a marker in the continued medicalisation of health visiting.},
keywords = {conversation analysis, Foucault, health needs assessment, health visiting, medicalisation, resistance, surveillance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper draws on Foucault to understand the changing discourse and impact of structured ‘health needs assessments’ on health visiting practice.
Literature about this activity makes little mention of the long-standing social purposes of health visiting, which include surveillance of vulnerable and invisible populations, providing them, where needed, with help and support to access protective and supportive services. Instead, the discourse has been concerned primarily with an epidemiological focus and public health, which is associated with risk factors and assessments.
The use of pre-defined needs assessment schedules suggests that health visiting activity can be sanctioned and clients’ needs serviced only if they reach the threshold of pre-determined, epidemiologically-defined risk. Their effect on practice is examined through a conversation analysis of ten health visitor/client interactions using two different structured needs assessment tools.
The study indicates that the health visitors, like their clients, were controlled by institutional expectations of their role; analysis of their conversations shows how they achieved the requirements of the organisational agenda. Structuring client needs and health visiting practice through the use of formal needs assessment tools emphasises the epidemiological focus of the health service above the need to arrange support for vulnerable individuals. In this respect, it serves as a marker in the continued medicalisation of health visiting.
Literature about this activity makes little mention of the long-standing social purposes of health visiting, which include surveillance of vulnerable and invisible populations, providing them, where needed, with help and support to access protective and supportive services. Instead, the discourse has been concerned primarily with an epidemiological focus and public health, which is associated with risk factors and assessments.
The use of pre-defined needs assessment schedules suggests that health visiting activity can be sanctioned and clients’ needs serviced only if they reach the threshold of pre-determined, epidemiologically-defined risk. Their effect on practice is examined through a conversation analysis of ten health visitor/client interactions using two different structured needs assessment tools.
The study indicates that the health visitors, like their clients, were controlled by institutional expectations of their role; analysis of their conversations shows how they achieved the requirements of the organisational agenda. Structuring client needs and health visiting practice through the use of formal needs assessment tools emphasises the epidemiological focus of the health service above the need to arrange support for vulnerable individuals. In this respect, it serves as a marker in the continued medicalisation of health visiting.
Hean, S; Cowley, S; Forbes, A; Griffiths, P
Theoretical development and social capital measurement Book Section
In: Morgan, Antony; Swann, Catherine (Ed.): Social capital for health: issues of definition, measurement and links to health, Health Development Agency, 2004, ISBN: 1-84279-205-9.
BibTeX | Tags:
@incollection{morgan_theoretical_2004,
title = {Theoretical development and social capital measurement},
author = {S Hean and S Cowley and A Forbes and P Griffiths},
editor = {Antony Morgan and Catherine Swann},
isbn = {1-84279-205-9},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
urldate = {2004-01-01},
booktitle = {Social capital for health: issues of definition, measurement and links to health},
publisher = {Health Development Agency},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
2003
Hanafin, Sinad; Cowley, Sarah
Multidisciplinary communication in the Irish public health nursing service: a study Journal Article
In: British Journal of Community Nursing, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 544–549, 2003, ISSN: 1462-4753, (Publisher: Mark Allen Group).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{hanafin_multidisciplinary_2003,
title = {Multidisciplinary communication in the Irish public health nursing service: a study},
author = {Sinad Hanafin and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.12968/bjcn.2003.8.12.11850},
issn = {1462-4753},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-12-01},
urldate = {2003-12-01},
journal = {British Journal of Community Nursing},
volume = {8},
number = {12},
pages = {544–549},
abstract = {Public health nurses (PHNs) in the Republic of Ireland work as part of a multidisciplinary team in the delivery of community-care services. Good interdisciplinary communication is therefore vital to enable them to offer the best possible care to their clients.
This article reports on one section of a national survey of PHNs who work with families with infants. The findings suggest that although in general, PHNs reported good working relationships with other professionals – particularly with speech therapists, area medical officers and community welfare officers – the same could not be said for hearing and eye specialists. Feedback also varied according to professional group, with less than one third of PHNs reporting they always received feedback from GPs, eye specialists or social workers.
A significant statistical correlation was found between reported working relationships and the frequency that feedback was received. These findings have implications for communication and teamworking in primary care in the Republic of Ireland and elsewhere.},
note = {Publisher: Mark Allen Group},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Public health nurses (PHNs) in the Republic of Ireland work as part of a multidisciplinary team in the delivery of community-care services. Good interdisciplinary communication is therefore vital to enable them to offer the best possible care to their clients.
This article reports on one section of a national survey of PHNs who work with families with infants. The findings suggest that although in general, PHNs reported good working relationships with other professionals – particularly with speech therapists, area medical officers and community welfare officers – the same could not be said for hearing and eye specialists. Feedback also varied according to professional group, with less than one third of PHNs reporting they always received feedback from GPs, eye specialists or social workers.
A significant statistical correlation was found between reported working relationships and the frequency that feedback was received. These findings have implications for communication and teamworking in primary care in the Republic of Ireland and elsewhere.
This article reports on one section of a national survey of PHNs who work with families with infants. The findings suggest that although in general, PHNs reported good working relationships with other professionals – particularly with speech therapists, area medical officers and community welfare officers – the same could not be said for hearing and eye specialists. Feedback also varied according to professional group, with less than one third of PHNs reporting they always received feedback from GPs, eye specialists or social workers.
A significant statistical correlation was found between reported working relationships and the frequency that feedback was received. These findings have implications for communication and teamworking in primary care in the Republic of Ireland and elsewhere.
Baraitser, Paula; Dolan, Frances; Cowley, Sarah
Developing Relationships Between Sexual Health Clinics and Schools: More than clinic nurses doing sex education sessions? Journal Article
In: Sex Education, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 201–213, 2003, ISSN: 1468-1811, (Publisher: Routledge).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{baraitser_developing_2003,
title = {Developing Relationships Between Sexual Health Clinics and Schools: More than clinic nurses doing sex education sessions?},
author = {Paula Baraitser and Frances Dolan and Sarah Cowley},
doi = {10.1080/1468181032000119096},
issn = {1468-1811},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-11-01},
urldate = {2003-11-01},
journal = {Sex Education},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {201–213},
abstract = {Linking schools with sexual health clinics facilitates clinic access by young people. This paper documents the process of developing one such link and its impact on clinic use.
Multiple data collection strategies were used to document a developing school/clinic relationship and constant comparative analysis was used to develop hypotheses from the data as follows:
* A few teachers have a good knowledge of local sexual health services and extensive experience of referring to them.
* Most tutors (despite their pastoral role) have little knowledge of local sexual health services and no experience of referring to them.
* Organising work in the school is difficult because teachers have little non-teaching time and a variable commitment to sex and relationship education.
* The link between the clinic and the school has facilitated access to the clinic by school pupils.
* Outreach work is more effective when young people meet the outreach worker repeatedly in different settings.
Each hypothesis is presented with its supporting data. This information is consistent with what is known about the benefits of school/clinic links and adds to what is known about the process of developing and maintaining such links.},
note = {Publisher: Routledge},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Linking schools with sexual health clinics facilitates clinic access by young people. This paper documents the process of developing one such link and its impact on clinic use.
Multiple data collection strategies were used to document a developing school/clinic relationship and constant comparative analysis was used to develop hypotheses from the data as follows:
* A few teachers have a good knowledge of local sexual health services and extensive experience of referring to them.
* Most tutors (despite their pastoral role) have little knowledge of local sexual health services and no experience of referring to them.
* Organising work in the school is difficult because teachers have little non-teaching time and a variable commitment to sex and relationship education.
* The link between the clinic and the school has facilitated access to the clinic by school pupils.
* Outreach work is more effective when young people meet the outreach worker repeatedly in different settings.
Each hypothesis is presented with its supporting data. This information is consistent with what is known about the benefits of school/clinic links and adds to what is known about the process of developing and maintaining such links.
Multiple data collection strategies were used to document a developing school/clinic relationship and constant comparative analysis was used to develop hypotheses from the data as follows:
* A few teachers have a good knowledge of local sexual health services and extensive experience of referring to them.
* Most tutors (despite their pastoral role) have little knowledge of local sexual health services and no experience of referring to them.
* Organising work in the school is difficult because teachers have little non-teaching time and a variable commitment to sex and relationship education.
* The link between the clinic and the school has facilitated access to the clinic by school pupils.
* Outreach work is more effective when young people meet the outreach worker repeatedly in different settings.
Each hypothesis is presented with its supporting data. This information is consistent with what is known about the benefits of school/clinic links and adds to what is known about the process of developing and maintaining such links.